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    <title>Qualla: Siege of Mostar</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[Mostar was besieged twice during the Bosnian War -- first by Yugoslav forces in 1992, then by former Croat allies who turned on their Bosniak neighbors in a conflict that destroyed the city's iconic bridge and its multiethnic character.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Mostar was besieged twice during the Bosnian War -- first by Yugoslav forces in 1992, then by former Croat allies who turned on their Bosniak neighbors in a conflict that destroyed the city's iconic bridge and its multiethnic character.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Siege of Mostar</title>
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      <title>Siege of Mostar: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Choinowski, CC BY-SA 4.0. Mostar has the grim distinction of having been besieged twice by two different armies within two years. The first siege, from April to June 1992, pitted the Yugoslav People's Army against a combined Croat-Bosniak defense. The second, from June 1993 to April 1994, saw those same defenders turn on each other, as Croatian forces besieged the Bosniak population trapped in the eastern half of the city. Between the two sieges, at least 1,000 people died, 90,000 of the city's 120,000 residents fled, and Mostar became, in the assessment of postwar surveys, the most heavily destroyed city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The destruction of the Stari Most bridge on 9 November 1993 became the war's most recognizable image of cultural annihilation.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Choinowski, CC BY-SA 4.0. Mostar has the grim distinction of having been besieged twice by two different armies within two years. The first siege, from April to June 1992, pitted the Yugoslav People's Army against a combined Croat-Bosniak defense. The second, from June 1993 to April 1994, saw those same defenders turn on each other, as Croatian forces besieged the Bosniak population trapped in the eastern half of the city. Between the two sieges, at least 1,000 people died, 90,000 of the city's 120,000 residents fled, and Mostar became, in the assessment of postwar surveys, the most heavily destroyed city in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The destruction of the Stari Most bridge on 9 November 1993 became the war's most recognizable image of cultural annihilation.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/">Siege of Mostar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Choinowski | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Mostar: The First Siege: Allies Under Fire</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Elserbio00, CC BY-SA 4.0. When Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992, the response from the Serb-dominated Yugoslav People's Army was swift. In Mostar, JNA artillery attacks on the suburbs began on 6 April, and over the following weeks the army -- 17,000 soldiers str...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Elserbio00, CC BY-SA 4.0. When Bosnia and Herzegovina declared independence from Yugoslavia on 3 March 1992, the response from the Serb-dominated Yugoslav People's Army was swift. In Mostar, JNA artillery attacks on the suburbs began on 6 April, and over the following weeks the army -- 17,000 soldiers str...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/">Siege of Mostar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Elserbio00 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Mostar: Allies Become Enemies</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CIA, Public domain. The alliance that liberated Mostar did not survive the liberation. The political landscape had been shifting since the previous year, when Croatian President Franjo Tudjman and Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic had reportedly discussed partitioning Bosnia and Herzegovina betwe...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CIA, Public domain. The alliance that liberated Mostar did not survive the liberation. The political landscape had been shifting since the previous year, when Croatian President Franjo Tudjman and Serbian President Slobodan Milosevic had reportedly discussed partitioning Bosnia and Herzegovina betwe...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/">Siege of Mostar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CIA | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Mostar: The Eastern Enclave</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC BY-SA 2.0 fr. Between June 1993 and April 1994, the HVO besieged East Mostar. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia documented what followed in precise, devastating language: "intense and uninterrupted gunfire and shelling" that killed many civilians, the destruction or...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC BY-SA 2.0 fr. Between June 1993 and April 1994, the HVO besieged East Mostar. The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia documented what followed in precise, devastating language: "intense and uninterrupted gunfire and shelling" that killed many civilians, the destruction or...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/">Siege of Mostar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Mostar: The Bridge Falls</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC BY-SA 2.0 fr. By November 1993, the Stari Most was the last crossing between the two banks of the Neretva, used by the ARBiH for military supply and by civilians as their only means of moving between the divided halves of the city. On 8 November, an HVO tank began firing directly at the 427-ye...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC BY-SA 2.0 fr. By November 1993, the Stari Most was the last crossing between the two banks of the Neretva, used by the ARBiH for military supply and by civilians as their only means of moving between the divided halves of the city. On 8 November, an HVO tank began firing directly at the 427-ye...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/">Siege of Mostar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Siege of Mostar: What Remained</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC BY-SA 2.0 fr. The Washington Agreement of March 1994, brokered under heavy American pressure, ended the Croat-Bosniak War and established a federation between the two groups. But the agreement froze the ethnic division it was meant to heal. Before the war, Mostar's population had been roughly ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC BY-SA 2.0 fr. The Washington Agreement of March 1994, brokered under heavy American pressure, ended the Croat-Bosniak War and established a federation between the two groups. But the agreement froze the ethnic division it was meant to heal. Before the war, Mostar's population had been roughly ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/siege-of-mostar/">Siege of Mostar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC BY-SA 2.0 fr</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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