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    <title>Qualla: Port of Tubarão</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[The world's largest iron ore port, built when the American bank said no and Brazil's finance minister printed money to make it happen.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:09 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The world's largest iron ore port, built when the American bank said no and Brazil's finance minister printed money to make it happen.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Port of Tubarão</title>
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      <title>Port of Tubarão: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bart van Dorp from Recife, Brasil, CC BY 2.0. A Brazilian engineer flew to Washington with iron ore contracts in his briefcase and came back empty-handed. The Ex-Im Bank of the United States would not lend Vale do Rio Doce a dollar to build a port nobody thought could exist for ships nobody had yet designed. Eliezer Batista returned to Rio and put the problem in front of Finance Minister San Tiago Dantas, who took off his black-rimmed glasses and said he would find a way. He printed the money. The Port of Tubarão rose on the coast of Espírito Santo in 1966, and for half a century after that, it shipped more iron ore than any port on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bart van Dorp from Recife, Brasil, CC BY 2.0. A Brazilian engineer flew to Washington with iron ore contracts in his briefcase and came back empty-handed. The Ex-Im Bank of the United States would not lend Vale do Rio Doce a dollar to build a port nobody thought could exist for ships nobody had yet designed. Eliezer Batista returned to Rio and put the problem in front of Finance Minister San Tiago Dantas, who took off his black-rimmed glasses and said he would find a way. He printed the money. The Port of Tubarão rose on the coast of Espírito Santo in 1966, and for half a century after that, it shipped more iron ore than any port on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/">Port of Tubarão on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bart van Dorp from Recife, Brasil | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Port of Tubarão: A Pioneer&apos;s Port</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Alexson Scheppa Peisino, Public domain. Construction began in 1962, the same year Vale signed its first long-term iron ore supply contracts with Japan and Germany. The National Treasury funded the project outright. Eliezer Batista designed Tubarão to accommodate ships that did not yet exist, bulk carriers of a size no ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Alexson Scheppa Peisino, Public domain. Construction began in 1962, the same year Vale signed its first long-term iron ore supply contracts with Japan and Germany. The National Treasury funded the project outright. Eliezer Batista designed Tubarão to accommodate ships that did not yet exist, bulk carriers of a size no ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/">Port of Tubarão on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Alexson Scheppa Peisino | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Port of Tubarão: The Iron Quadrangle&apos;s Outlet</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Gabriel de Andrade Fernandes from São Paulo, Brasil, CC BY-SA 2.0. Four hundred kilometers inland, the Iron Quadrangle of Minas Gerais holds one of the planet's richest concentrations of iron ore, the mineral Brazil built much of its modern economy extracting. The Vitória-Minas Railway connects those mines to the sea, and Tubarão is where the se...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Gabriel de Andrade Fernandes from São Paulo, Brasil, CC BY-SA 2.0. Four hundred kilometers inland, the Iron Quadrangle of Minas Gerais holds one of the planet's richest concentrations of iron ore, the mineral Brazil built much of its modern economy extracting. The Vitória-Minas Railway connects those mines to the sea, and Tubarão is where the se...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/">Port of Tubarão on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Gabriel de Andrade Fernandes from São Paulo, Brasil | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Port of Tubarão: A Flood of Investment</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bart van Dorp from Recife, Brasil, CC BY 2.0. The port's inauguration in 1966 did more than handle cargo. It turned Brazil from an extractor of raw materials into a partner in global industrial supply chains, and it attracted foreign capital on a scale the country had not seen before. Celulose Nipo Brasileira, the joint Braz...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bart van Dorp from Recife, Brasil, CC BY 2.0. The port's inauguration in 1966 did more than handle cargo. It turned Brazil from an extractor of raw materials into a partner in global industrial supply chains, and it attracted foreign capital on a scale the country had not seen before. Celulose Nipo Brasileira, the joint Braz...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/">Port of Tubarão on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bart van Dorp from Recife, Brasil | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Port of Tubarão: The Complex Today</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Gabriel de Andrade Fernandes from São Paulo, Brasil, CC BY-SA 2.0. Tubarão now handles far more than iron ore. The complex includes eight pelletizing factories that turn powdered ore into firm pellets for blast furnaces, plus operations for shipping pellets, agricultural products like soybeans, and unloading coal from abroad. At least 60 differe...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Gabriel de Andrade Fernandes from São Paulo, Brasil, CC BY-SA 2.0. Tubarão now handles far more than iron ore. The complex includes eight pelletizing factories that turn powdered ore into firm pellets for blast furnaces, plus operations for shipping pellets, agricultural products like soybeans, and unloading coal from abroad. At least 60 differe...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/">Port of Tubarão on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Gabriel de Andrade Fernandes from São Paulo, Brasil | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Port of Tubarão: Viewed From Above</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eriksailor, CC BY-SA 3.0. From a cruising altitude over the Atlantic, the Tubarão complex reads as a blunt geometric intrusion into the coastline north of Vitória. Ore ships queue offshore, patient black shapes against the ocean. Long conveyor piers extend into deep water. Rust-red stockpiles of ore sit i...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eriksailor, CC BY-SA 3.0. From a cruising altitude over the Atlantic, the Tubarão complex reads as a blunt geometric intrusion into the coastline north of Vitória. Ore ships queue offshore, patient black shapes against the ocean. Long conveyor piers extend into deep water. Rust-red stockpiles of ore sit i...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/port-of-tubarao/">Port of Tubarão on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eriksailor | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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