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    <title>Qualla: Paikuli Inscription</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A bilingual victory monument from 293 AD where the Sasanian emperor Narseh carved his claim to power in both Parthian and Middle Persian on the walls of a tower in Iraqi Kurdistan.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A bilingual victory monument from 293 AD where the Sasanian emperor Narseh carved his claim to power in both Parthian and Middle Persian on the walls of a tower in Iraqi Kurdistan.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Paikuli Inscription</title>
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      <title>Paikuli Inscription: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glaag), CC BY-SA 4.0. A king who seized a throne needs the world to know why he deserved it. In 293 AD, the Sasanian emperor Narseh solved that problem with stone. He erected a tower in the mountain pass between Babylonia and the Iranian plateau, near what is now the village of Barkal in Iraq's Sulaymaniyah Governorate, and covered its walls with inscribed blocks declaring his right to rule. The text appeared in two languages -- Parthian and Middle Persian -- ensuring that every literate subject of his empire, regardless of background, could read exactly how Narseh had overthrown his grandnephew and claimed the crown.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glaag), CC BY-SA 4.0. A king who seized a throne needs the world to know why he deserved it. In 293 AD, the Sasanian emperor Narseh solved that problem with stone. He erected a tower in the mountain pass between Babylonia and the Iranian plateau, near what is now the village of Barkal in Iraq's Sulaymaniyah Governorate, and covered its walls with inscribed blocks declaring his right to rule. The text appeared in two languages -- Parthian and Middle Persian -- ensuring that every literate subject of his empire, regardless of background, could read exactly how Narseh had overthrown his grandnephew and claimed the crown.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/">Paikuli Inscription on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glaag) | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Paikuli Inscription: A Throne Won on the March</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. Narseh was no usurper by his own telling. The Paikuli inscription lays out his case with the precision of a legal brief. He had marched from Armenia with a coalition of supporters and allies, each named in the text, to depose a ruler he considered illegitimate. The inscription re...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. Narseh was no usurper by his own telling. The Paikuli inscription lays out his case with the precision of a legal brief. He had marched from Armenia with a coalition of supporters and allies, each named in the text, to depose a ruler he considered illegitimate. The inscription re...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/">Paikuli Inscription on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Paikuli Inscription: Two Languages, One Message</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. The choice to write in both Parthian and Middle Persian was deliberate. The Sasanian Empire had absorbed the old Parthian aristocracy, and many noble families still used the Parthian language in daily life. By inscribing his monument in both scripts, Narseh addressed the full spe...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. The choice to write in both Parthian and Middle Persian was deliberate. The Sasanian Empire had absorbed the old Parthian aristocracy, and many noble families still used the Parthian language in daily life. By inscribing his monument in both scripts, Narseh addressed the full spe...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/">Paikuli Inscription on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Paikuli Inscription: Ruins in the Pass</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. When 19th-century European travelers first reached the site, they found a square tower in ruins, its inscribed stone blocks scattered across the ground like discarded pages of a book. The tower had once stood whole, its four walls sheathed in carved blocks that told Narseh's stor...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. When 19th-century European travelers first reached the site, they found a square tower in ruins, its inscribed stone blocks scattered across the ground like discarded pages of a book. The tower had once stood whole, its four walls sheathed in carved blocks that told Narseh's stor...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/">Paikuli Inscription on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Paikuli Inscription: Piecing History Back Together</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. The inscribed blocks now reside in the Sulaymaniyah Museum in Iraqi Kurdistan, the only institution in the world to display relics of the Paikuli Tower. In June 2019, the museum opened a dedicated gallery for the inscription and its associated artifacts. Archaeologists from Sapie...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. The inscribed blocks now reside in the Sulaymaniyah Museum in Iraqi Kurdistan, the only institution in the world to display relics of the Paikuli Tower. In June 2019, the museum opened a dedicated gallery for the inscription and its associated artifacts. Archaeologists from Sapie...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/">Paikuli Inscription on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Paikuli Inscription: Legacy in Stone</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. The Paikuli inscription occupies a unique place in the study of ancient Iran. It is one of the longest Parthian-language texts ever discovered, and one of the most important sources for understanding the internal politics of the Sasanian Empire during a period of dynastic upheava...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg), CC BY-SA 4.0. The Paikuli inscription occupies a unique place in the study of ancient Iran. It is one of the longest Parthian-language texts ever discovered, and one of the most important sources for understanding the internal politics of the Sasanian Empire during a period of dynastic upheava...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/paikuli-inscription/">Paikuli Inscription on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Osama Shukir Muhammed Amin FRCP(Glasg) | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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