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    <title>Qualla: Obelisk of Axum</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum</link>
    <description><![CDATA[A 24-meter, 160-ton phonolite stele carved in Ethiopia in the 4th century, looted by Mussolini in 1937, and returned to Axum in 2005 after seven decades of Ethiopian insistence.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:29 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A 24-meter, 160-ton phonolite stele carved in Ethiopia in the 4th century, looted by Mussolini in 1937, and returned to Axum in 2005 after seven decades of Ethiopian insistence.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Obelisk of Axum</title>
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      <title>Obelisk of Axum: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Allamiro, CC BY-SA 4.0. In the local languages of northern Ethiopia, the towering stone is not called an obelisk at all. In Tigrinya it is hawelti. In Ge'ez, the ancient liturgical language of Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, it is also hawelti. What stands in Axum today, 24 meters tall and weighing 160 tons, is a grave marker from the 4th century CE - a royal stele carved by the subjects of the Kingdom of Aksum, one of the great trading empires of the ancient world. It took more than sixty years of diplomatic wrangling, a runway upgrade, and an Antonov An-124 cargo plane to bring it home.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Allamiro, CC BY-SA 4.0. In the local languages of northern Ethiopia, the towering stone is not called an obelisk at all. In Tigrinya it is hawelti. In Ge'ez, the ancient liturgical language of Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity, it is also hawelti. What stands in Axum today, 24 meters tall and weighing 160 tons, is a grave marker from the 4th century CE - a royal stele carved by the subjects of the Kingdom of Aksum, one of the great trading empires of the ancient world. It took more than sixty years of diplomatic wrangling, a runway upgrade, and an Antonov An-124 cargo plane to bring it home.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/">Obelisk of Axum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Allamiro | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Obelisk of Axum: Markers for the Dead</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Livingpassages, CC BY-SA 4.0. In the steles fields of Axum, hundreds of stone pillars rise from the earth. Most are small, rough, unmarked - graves of ordinary people. A few are enormous and carved with false doors and rows of windows that mimic multi-story buildings, markers for royal burial chambers below. ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Livingpassages, CC BY-SA 4.0. In the steles fields of Axum, hundreds of stone pillars rise from the earth. Most are small, rough, unmarked - graves of ordinary people. A few are enormous and carved with false doors and rows of windows that mimic multi-story buildings, markers for royal burial chambers below. ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/">Obelisk of Axum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Livingpassages | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Obelisk of Axum: The Theft</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit user:Lalupa, Public domain. Mussolini's Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and proclaimed its empire two years later. In 1937, as part of the looting that accompanied the occupation, Italian engineers cut the stele into three sections and trucked them piece by piece along the difficult road from Axum to the por...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit user:Lalupa, Public domain. Mussolini's Italy invaded Ethiopia in 1935 and proclaimed its empire two years later. In 1937, as part of the looting that accompanied the occupation, Italian engineers cut the stele into three sections and trucked them piece by piece along the difficult road from Axum to the por...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/">Obelisk of Axum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: user:Lalupa | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Obelisk of Axum: The Long Road Home</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit O.Mustafin, CC0. Emperor Haile Selassie visited Italy in 1961. The monument to the Lion of Judah, also looted, was returned in 1967. The stele stayed. For more than fifty years Ethiopia asked and Italy demurred, citing technical difficulties that were real but also convenient. The runway at Axum ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit O.Mustafin, CC0. Emperor Haile Selassie visited Italy in 1961. The monument to the Lion of Judah, also looted, was returned in 1967. The stele stayed. For more than fifty years Ethiopia asked and Italy demurred, citing technical difficulties that were real but also convenient. The runway at Axum ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/">Obelisk of Axum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: O.Mustafin | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Obelisk of Axum: What the Stone Remembers</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Allamiro, CC BY-SA 4.0. To stand before the Obelisk of Axum today is to read three kinds of history at once. The phonolite surface, quarried nearby and carved with what look like windows of a nine-story tower, speaks of the wealth and ambition of a 4th-century African kingdom that traded with Rome, Arab...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Allamiro, CC BY-SA 4.0. To stand before the Obelisk of Axum today is to read three kinds of history at once. The phonolite surface, quarried nearby and carved with what look like windows of a nine-story tower, speaks of the wealth and ambition of a 4th-century African kingdom that traded with Rome, Arab...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/">Obelisk of Axum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Allamiro | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Obelisk of Axum: Flight Context</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ondřej Žváček, CC BY 2.5. Located at 14.13°N, 38.72°E in Ethiopia's Tigray region, on a high plateau at approximately 2,100 meters elevation. Axum Airport (HAAX) serves the town. The stelae park is visible near the town center on clear days. Recommended viewing altitude FL200-300. Mountainous terrain to the west (Simien Mountains), Eritrean border approximately 25 nautical miles north. Expect haze in dry season (November-May), better visibility during rainy months.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ondřej Žváček, CC BY 2.5. Located at 14.13°N, 38.72°E in Ethiopia's Tigray region, on a high plateau at approximately 2,100 meters elevation. Axum Airport (HAAX) serves the town. The stelae park is visible near the town center on clear days. Recommended viewing altitude FL200-300. Mountainous terrain to the west (Simien Mountains), Eritrean border approximately 25 nautical miles north. Expect haze in dry season (November-May), better visibility during rainy months.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/obelisk-of-axum/">Obelisk of Axum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ondřej Žváček | CC BY 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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