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    <title>Qualla: Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[Between 1965 and 1989, the Soviet Union detonated 156 nuclear devices for explicitly non-military purposes -- digging reservoirs, stimulating oil wells, extinguishing gas fires, and prospecting for minerals -- in a program that dwarfed America's Operation Plowshare.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Between 1965 and 1989, the Soviet Union detonated 156 nuclear devices for explicitly non-military purposes -- digging reservoirs, stimulating oil wells, extinguishing gas fires, and prospecting for minerals -- in a program that dwarfed America's Operation Plowshare.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy</title>
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      <title>Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In 1966, a natural gas well in Uzbekistan called Urtabulak had been burning out of control for three years. Conventional methods had failed. Soviet engineers drilled a parallel shaft, lowered a 30-kiloton nuclear device to a depth of 1,500 meters, and detonated it. The explosion collapsed the rock around the wellhead, sealing the blowout. The fire went out. It was, by one measure, a spectacular success. By another, it was a glimpse into a program where the line between ingenuity and recklessness blurred until it disappeared entirely.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In 1966, a natural gas well in Uzbekistan called Urtabulak had been burning out of control for three years. Conventional methods had failed. Soviet engineers drilled a parallel shaft, lowered a 30-kiloton nuclear device to a depth of 1,500 meters, and detonated it. The explosion collapsed the rock around the wellhead, sealing the blowout. The fire went out. It was, by one measure, a spectacular success. By another, it was a glimpse into a program where the line between ingenuity and recklessness blurred until it disappeared entirely.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/">Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy: Atoms for Industry</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions program -- formally "Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy," sometimes called Program 7 -- ran from 1965 to 1989 and comprised 156 nuclear tests using multiple devices across vast stretches of Soviet territory. Its American counterpart...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Soviet peaceful nuclear explosions program -- formally "Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy," sometimes called Program 7 -- ran from 1965 to 1989 and comprised 156 nuclear tests using multiple devices across vast stretches of Soviet territory. Its American counterpart...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/">Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy: Fire Tamers and Canal Builders</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The gas well applications produced the program's most dramatic results. After the Urtabulak success, a 47-kiloton device sealed a blowout at the nearby Pamuk gas field in 1968. Two explosions at the Krestishche field in Ukraine followed in 1972, and in 1981 a 37.5-kiloton blast f...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The gas well applications produced the program's most dramatic results. After the Urtabulak success, a 47-kiloton device sealed a blowout at the nearby Pamuk gas field in 1968. Two explosions at the Krestishche field in Ukraine followed in 1972, and in 1981 a 37.5-kiloton blast f...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/">Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy: When the Ground Betrayed the Plan</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Not every detonation went as designed. The Kraton-3 explosion in Vilyuy, Yakutia, in 1978 was meant to unearth diamond-bearing ore. The diamonds proved insignificant. The plutonium contamination of local water supplies did not. According to anti-nuclear activist Alexei Yablokov, ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Not every detonation went as designed. The Kraton-3 explosion in Vilyuy, Yakutia, in 1978 was meant to unearth diamond-bearing ore. The diamonds proved insignificant. The plutonium contamination of local water supplies did not. According to anti-nuclear activist Alexei Yablokov, ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/">Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy: The Moratorium and the Argument That Lingers</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The last peaceful nuclear explosion, codenamed Rubin-1, was detonated in Arkhangelsk Oblast on September 6, 1988, as part of a geological seismic survey. Mikhail Gorbachev's disarmament initiative brought the program to a close at the end of that year, and the 1989 moratorium on ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The last peaceful nuclear explosion, codenamed Rubin-1, was detonated in Arkhangelsk Oblast on September 6, 1988, as part of a geological seismic survey. Mikhail Gorbachev's disarmament initiative brought the program to a close at the end of that year, and the 1989 moratorium on ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nuclear-explosions-for-the-national-economy/">Nuclear Explosions for the National Economy on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 27 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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