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    <title>Qualla: Nobatia</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A Christian Nubian kingdom in what is now southern Egypt whose archers shot with thumb rings like their Persian and Chinese counterparts, whose temples were converted to churches painted with new saints, and whose cavalry king rode into battle spearing Blemmyes.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:29 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A Christian Nubian kingdom in what is now southern Egypt whose archers shot with thumb rings like their Persian and Chinese counterparts, whose temples were converted to churches painted with new saints, and whose cavalry king rode into battle spearing Blemmyes.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Nobatia</title>
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      <title>Nobatia: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nobatia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Lassi, CC BY-SA 3.0. The wall painting at Kalabsha shows a king on horseback driving a lance into his enemy. The figure crowning him is Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The king is Silko, Basiliskos of the Nobatae -- a title that still carries Greek roots in an African kingdom that was beginning to call itself something new. Silko's inscription claims he drove the Blemmyes into the Eastern Desert, securing the territory his people had been invited into by the Roman emperor Diocletian in 297 CE and had spent two centuries consolidating. Nobatia would convert to Christianity around 543, expand into the gap left by the collapse of Kush, and last until its larger southern neighbor Makuria absorbed it sometime before 707. For roughly three centuries, it was an independent Christian African state between the First and Third Cataracts of the Nile.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Lassi, CC BY-SA 3.0. The wall painting at Kalabsha shows a king on horseback driving a lance into his enemy. The figure crowning him is Nike, the Greek goddess of victory. The king is Silko, Basiliskos of the Nobatae -- a title that still carries Greek roots in an African kingdom that was beginning to call itself something new. Silko's inscription claims he drove the Blemmyes into the Eastern Desert, securing the territory his people had been invited into by the Roman emperor Diocletian in 297 CE and had spent two centuries consolidating. Nobatia would convert to Christianity around 543, expand into the gap left by the collapse of Kush, and last until its larger southern neighbor Makuria absorbed it sometime before 707. For roughly three centuries, it was an independent Christian African state between the First and Third Cataracts of the Nile.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nobatia/">Nobatia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Lassi | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Nobatia: Arriving from the Western Desert</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nobatia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Francois Christian Gau, Public domain. The Nobatae came from the Western Desert, part of the long migration of peoples who had moved across the Sahara as it dried. Diocletian invited them into Lower Nubia in 297 CE as frontier allies, partly to help Rome pull back from territory it no longer wanted to garrison directl...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Francois Christian Gau, Public domain. The Nobatae came from the Western Desert, part of the long migration of peoples who had moved across the Sahara as it dried. Diocletian invited them into Lower Nubia in 297 CE as frontier allies, partly to help Rome pull back from territory it no longer wanted to garrison directl...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nobatia/">Nobatia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Francois Christian Gau | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Nobatia: From Isis to Christ</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nobatia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Franz Christian Gau, Public domain. For most of Nobatia's early history, the royal cult was the Isis worship of Philae -- a Ptolemaic-era holy site where Nubian pilgrims continued to travel long after Egypt itself had turned away from the old gods. The temple at Philae was finally closed between 535 and 538 CE, whe...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Franz Christian Gau, Public domain. For most of Nobatia's early history, the royal cult was the Isis worship of Philae -- a Ptolemaic-era holy site where Nubian pilgrims continued to travel long after Egypt itself had turned away from the old gods. The temple at Philae was finally closed between 535 and 538 CE, whe...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nobatia/">Nobatia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Franz Christian Gau | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Nobatia: The Archers of Nubia</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nobatia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit COSV, CC BY-SA 3.0. Military archaeology from Nobatia reveals a sophisticated combat culture. The Nobatian bow was initially a slightly reflexed longbow, the type Kushite mercenaries had used since the Middle Kingdom. During the Meroitic or post-Meroitic period, this was replaced by a reflex composi...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit COSV, CC BY-SA 3.0. Military archaeology from Nobatia reveals a sophisticated combat culture. The Nobatian bow was initially a slightly reflexed longbow, the type Kushite mercenaries had used since the Middle Kingdom. During the Meroitic or post-Meroitic period, this was replaced by a reflex composi...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nobatia/">Nobatia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: COSV | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Nobatia: Swords and Scale</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nobatia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Daderot, CC0. The Nobatian melee weapon was distinctive: a short sword with a straight hollow-ground blade sharpened on one edge only, designed to hack rather than thrust. Lances, some with large blades, and halberds were also in use -- though the large-bladed lances and halberds may have been...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Daderot, CC0. The Nobatian melee weapon was distinctive: a short sword with a straight hollow-ground blade sharpened on one edge only, designed to hack rather than thrust. Lances, some with large blades, and halberds were also in use -- though the large-bladed lances and halberds may have been...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nobatia/">Nobatia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Daderot | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Nobatia: The Merger and the Long Echo</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nobatia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Lassi, CC BY-SA 3.0. Sometime before 707 CE, Makuria annexed Nobatia. The circumstances are not known. It probably happened before the Arab Muslim conquest of Egypt in 642, because Arab historians describe only one Christian state in Nubia by that point. The Nobadian royal family's fate is lost to th...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Lassi, CC BY-SA 3.0. Sometime before 707 CE, Makuria annexed Nobatia. The circumstances are not known. It probably happened before the Arab Muslim conquest of Egypt in 642, because Arab historians describe only one Christian state in Nubia by that point. The Nobadian royal family's fate is lost to th...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nobatia/">Nobatia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Lassi | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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