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    <title>Qualla: Mauritania</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/mauritania</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The Eye of the Sahara, Banc d'Arguin, and ancient caravan cities.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:02 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The Eye of the Sahara, Banc d'Arguin, and ancient caravan cities.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Mauritania</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mauritania</link>
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      <title>Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/dakhlet-nouadhibou-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. Mauritania's westernmost region is a thin finger of desert and sea where iron-ore trains meet the Atlantic and the world's last great colony of Mediterranean monk seals clings to the cliffs of Cap Blanc.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. Mauritania's westernmost region is a thin finger of desert and sea where iron-ore trains meet the Atlantic and the world's last great colony of Mediterranean monk seals clings to the cliffs of Cap Blanc.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/dakhlet-nouadhibou-region/">Dakhlet Nouadhibou Region on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bertramz | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:52</itunes:duration>
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    <item>
      <title>La Güera</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/la-guera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Cartel_ciudades_hermanadas_Crevillente.JPG: C. Quesada
derivative work: Kokoo (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. At the wind-scoured tip of the Cap Blanc peninsula stands an abandoned Spanish town, its ruins half-buried in sand, watched over by a handful of fishermen and the monk seals that were once its symbol.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Cartel_ciudades_hermanadas_Crevillente.JPG: C. Quesada
derivative work: Kokoo (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. At the wind-scoured tip of the Cap Blanc peninsula stands an abandoned Spanish town, its ruins half-buried in sand, watched over by a handful of fishermen and the monk seals that were once its symbol.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/la-guera/">La Güera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Cartel_ciudades_hermanadas_Crevillente.JPG: C. Quesada
derivative work: Kokoo (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:46</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Nouadhibou</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nouadhibou/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit c.hug, CC BY-SA 2.0. Mauritania's second city runs on iron ore and fish, sends out one of the longest trains on Earth, and looks out over a bay full of rusting shipwrecks toward a peninsula where monk seals still haul ashore.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit c.hug, CC BY-SA 2.0. Mauritania's second city runs on iron ore and fish, sends out one of the longest trains on Earth, and looks out over a bay full of rusting shipwrecks toward a peninsula where monk seals still haul ashore.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nouadhibou/">Nouadhibou on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: c.hug | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:45</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Nouadhibou</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nouadhibou/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mauritania's iron-ore and fishing capital, built on a desert headland where three-kilometre freight trains meet the Atlantic and the world's largest ship graveyard rusts in the bay.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mauritania's iron-ore and fishing capital, built on a desert headland where three-kilometre freight trains meet the Atlantic and the world's largest ship graveyard rusts in the bay.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nouadhibou/">Nouadhibou on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Ras Nouadhibou</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ras-nouadhibou/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CC BY-SA 3.0 es. The White Headland of Cap Blanc, a desert peninsula split between two nations, where the last great colony of Mediterranean monk seals clings to life in hidden caves.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, CC BY-SA 3.0 es. The White Headland of Cap Blanc, a desert peninsula split between two nations, where the last great colony of Mediterranean monk seals clings to life in hidden caves.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ras-nouadhibou/">Ras Nouadhibou on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Universidad Autónoma de Madrid | CC BY-SA 3.0 es</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:04</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Guerguerat</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/guerguerat/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 5lab, CC BY-SA 2.0. A dusty village at the far southern tip of Western Sahara that happens to be the single road linking all of North Africa to the lands below the Sahara, and a flashpoint in a fifty-year dispute.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 5lab, CC BY-SA 2.0. A dusty village at the far southern tip of Western Sahara that happens to be the single road linking all of North Africa to the lands below the Sahara, and a flashpoint in a fifty-year dispute.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/guerguerat/">Guerguerat on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 5lab | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:56</itunes:duration>
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      <title>2008 Nouakchott Israeli embassy attack</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/2008-nouakchott-israeli-embassy-attack/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting), CC BY-SA 3.0. Before dawn on 1 February 2008, gunmen opened fire outside Israel's embassy in Mauritania's capital, a small attack with large consequences for one of the Arab world's rare ties to Israel.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting), CC BY-SA 3.0. Before dawn on 1 February 2008, gunmen opened fire outside Israel's embassy in Mauritania's capital, a small attack with large consequences for one of the Arab world's rare ties to Israel.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/2008-nouakchott-israeli-embassy-attack/">2008 Nouakchott Israeli embassy attack on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:28</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Nouakchott fish market</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nouakchott-fish-market/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit own work, CC BY-SA 2.5. The Port de Peche, where hundreds of hand-painted wooden pirogues storm a single Atlantic beach each afternoon to land Mauritania's daily catch in a riot of colour, salt, and shouting.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit own work, CC BY-SA 2.5. The Port de Peche, where hundreds of hand-painted wooden pirogues storm a single Atlantic beach each afternoon to land Mauritania's daily catch in a riot of colour, salt, and shouting.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nouakchott-fish-market/">Nouakchott fish market on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: own work | CC BY-SA 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:48</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Nouakchott Raid (1976)</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nouakchott-raid-1976/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Laminesall96, CC BY-SA 4.0. In June 1976, a column of Polisario fighters crossed hundreds of miles of desert to shell the presidential palace in Mauritania's capital, a raid that briefly shook the young state and cost the guerrilla movement its founding leader.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Laminesall96, CC BY-SA 4.0. In June 1976, a column of Polisario fighters crossed hundreds of miles of desert to shell the presidential palace in Mauritania's capital, a raid that briefly shook the young state and cost the guerrilla movement its founding leader.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nouakchott-raid-1976/">Nouakchott Raid (1976) on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Laminesall96 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:55</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Nouakchott</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nouakchott/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Mauritania's capital rewards the traveler who arrives without expectations: a low desert city where the day's best hours happen at the fishing wharf and over endless glasses of sweet tea.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Mauritania's capital rewards the traveler who arrives without expectations: a low desert city where the day's best hours happen at the fishing wharf and over endless glasses of sweet tea.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nouakchott/">Nouakchott on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:57</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Nouakchott</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nouakchott/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Laminesall96, CC BY-SA 4.0. A capital conjured almost from nothing on the edge of the Sahara, Nouakchott grew from a fishing village of a few thousand into a sprawling Saharan metropolis of more than a million in a single lifetime.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Laminesall96, CC BY-SA 4.0. A capital conjured almost from nothing on the edge of the Sahara, Nouakchott grew from a fishing village of a few thousand into a sprawling Saharan metropolis of more than a million in a single lifetime.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nouakchott/">Nouakchott on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Laminesall96 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>5:32</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Emirate of Trarza</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/emirate-of-trarza/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[For two centuries the Emirate of Trarza ruled the desert north of the Senegal River, growing rich on the sap of acacia trees before its wars with France ended an independence that had outlasted empires.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>For two centuries the Emirate of Trarza ruled the desert north of the Senegal River, growing rich on the sap of acacia trees before its wars with France ended an independence that had outlasted empires.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/emirate-of-trarza/">Emirate of Trarza on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>5:51</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Boutilimit</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/boutilimit/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ji-Elle, Public domain. A modest desert town southeast of Nouakchott, Boutilimit holds an outsized place in Mauritania's life of the mind: a center of Islamic scholarship whose famous family library preserved four generations of learning in the sand.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ji-Elle, Public domain. A modest desert town southeast of Nouakchott, Boutilimit holds an outsized place in Mauritania's life of the mind: a center of Islamic scholarship whose famous family library preserved four generations of learning in the sand.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/boutilimit/">Boutilimit on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ji-Elle | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>5:02</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Portendick</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/portendick/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On a waterless stretch of Mauritanian coast, two empires once fought a slow war over tree sap - the gum arabic that thickened ink, set dyes, and built fortunes.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On a waterless stretch of Mauritanian coast, two empires once fought a slow war over tree sap - the gum arabic that thickened ink, set dyes, and built fortunes.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/portendick/">Portendick on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:49</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <title>Nouamghar</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nouamghar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[In this coastal village at the edge of the Banc d'Arguin, fishermen once called wild dolphins to the surf to help them herd the mullet ashore - one of the world's rarest partnerships between people and the sea.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>In this coastal village at the edge of the Banc d'Arguin, fishermen once called wild dolphins to the surf to help them herd the mullet ashore - one of the world's rarest partnerships between people and the sea.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nouamghar/">Nouamghar on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:37</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Erg Amatlich</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/erg-amatlich/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A narrow river of sand 130 kilometers long, trapped between desert mountains - a dune sea so confined it reads less like a wasteland than a deliberate brushstroke across the Sahara.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A narrow river of sand 130 kilometers long, trapped between desert mountains - a dune sea so confined it reads less like a wasteland than a deliberate brushstroke across the Sahara.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/erg-amatlich/">Erg Amatlich on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/m/y/erg-amatlich-wp/eemy-erg-amatlich-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/m/y/erg-amatlich-wp/eemy-erg-amatlich-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2366550"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:11</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/m/y/erg-amatlich-wp/eemy-erg-amatlich-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Brakna region</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/brakna-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. Where the Sahara runs out of sand and the Senegal River draws a green line through Mauritania, the Brakna region holds the country's hardest contrast: desert above, river valley below.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. Where the Sahara runs out of sand and the Senegal River draws a green line through Mauritania, the Brakna region holds the country's hardest contrast: desert above, river valley below.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/brakna-region/">Brakna region on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bertramz | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/n/1/brakna-region-wp/een1-brakna-region-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/n/1/brakna-region-wp/een1-brakna-region-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2643576"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:32</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/n/1/brakna-region-wp/een1-brakna-region-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ksar el Barka</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ksar-el-barka/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A ruined caravan town below the Tagant cliffs, Ksar el Barka rose as a desert way-station and a seat of religious learning - then was destroyed, rebuilt, and finally left to the sand.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A ruined caravan town below the Tagant cliffs, Ksar el Barka rose as a desert way-station and a seat of religious learning - then was destroyed, rebuilt, and finally left to the sand.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ksar-el-barka/">Ksar el Barka on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/2/ksar-el-barka-wp/eer2-ksar-el-barka-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/2/ksar-el-barka-wp/eer2-ksar-el-barka-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2584915"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:35</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tagant Region</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tagant-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit The original uploader was McTrixie at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0. A high plateau of stone and oasis at the heart of Mauritania, where the rain has been retreating for sixty years and the people followed it into the towns.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit The original uploader was McTrixie at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0. A high plateau of stone and oasis at the heart of Mauritania, where the rain has been retreating for sixty years and the people followed it into the towns.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tagant-region/">Tagant Region on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: The original uploader was McTrixie at English Wikipedia. | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/c/tagant-region-wp/eerc-tagant-region-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/c/tagant-region-wp/eerc-tagant-region-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2337785"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:12</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/c/tagant-region-wp/eerc-tagant-region-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tidjikja</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tidjikja/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. A 17th-century date-palm oasis on the Tagant plateau, once the crossroads where salt caravans from across the Sahara converged - and still a town that celebrates its dates with a festival every year.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. A 17th-century date-palm oasis on the Tagant plateau, once the crossroads where salt caravans from across the Sahara converged - and still a town that celebrates its dates with a festival every year.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tidjikja/">Tidjikja on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bertramz | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/c/tidjikja-wp/eerc-tidjikja-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/c/tidjikja-wp/eerc-tidjikja-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2169336"/>
      <itunes:duration>2:54</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/r/c/tidjikja-wp/eerc-tidjikja-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chami</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chami-mauritania/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A town conjured out of empty desert in 2012 to control where nomads settle - now Mauritania's gold-rush 'capital of gold,' shadowed by mercury drifting toward a protected coast.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A town conjured out of empty desert in 2012 to control where nomads settle - now Mauritania's gold-rush 'capital of gold,' shadowed by mercury drifting toward a protected coast.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chami-mauritania/">Chami on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/d/chami-mauritania-wp/eesd-chami-mauritania-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/d/chami-mauritania-wp/eesd-chami-mauritania-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2381589"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:18</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Banc d&apos;Arguin National Park</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/banc-d-arguin-national-park/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Kokopelado, CC BY-SA 4.0. A vast Saharan shoal where over two million migrant birds spend the winter, where the Imraguen still fish from sail-rigged boats, and where a French frigate's wreck once gave the world its most famous painting of despair.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Kokopelado, CC BY-SA 4.0. A vast Saharan shoal where over two million migrant birds spend the winter, where the Imraguen still fish from sail-rigged boats, and where a French frigate's wreck once gave the world its most famous painting of despair.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/banc-d-arguin-national-park/">Banc d&apos;Arguin National Park on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Kokopelado | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/e/banc-d-arguin-national-park-wp/eese-banc-d-arguin-national-park-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/e/banc-d-arguin-national-park-wp/eese-banc-d-arguin-national-park-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3111390"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/e/banc-d-arguin-national-park-wp/eese-banc-d-arguin-national-park-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Arguin</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/arguin/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Compagnon, Pierre (16..-175.). Cartographe, Public domain. A small, reef-ringed island off Mauritania where Europe built its first fortress outside its own continent - and from which, by 1455, some 800 enslaved West Africans were shipped to Portugal every year.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Compagnon, Pierre (16..-175.). Cartographe, Public domain. A small, reef-ringed island off Mauritania where Europe built its first fortress outside its own continent - and from which, by 1455, some 800 enslaved West Africans were shipped to Portugal every year.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/arguin/">Arguin on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Compagnon, Pierre (16..-175.). Cartographe | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/m/arguin-wp/eesm-arguin-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/m/arguin-wp/eesm-arguin-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3232139"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:24</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/m/arguin-wp/eesm-arguin-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tasiast Gold Mine</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tasiast-gold-mine/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On a stretch of Saharan coast where almost nothing grows, one of Africa's largest gold mines pulls fifteen tonnes of metal a year from the bare ground.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On a stretch of Saharan coast where almost nothing grows, one of Africa's largest gold mines pulls fifteen tonnes of metal a year from the bare ground.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tasiast-gold-mine/">Tasiast Gold Mine on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/v/tasiast-gold-mine-wp/eesv-tasiast-gold-mine-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/s/v/tasiast-gold-mine-wp/eesv-tasiast-gold-mine-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2864227"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:58</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Akjoujt</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/akjoujt/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Akjoujtcity, CC BY-SA 3.0. Its name means 'wells', but this desert town in Mauritania has spent three thousand years digging for something harder to reach: the copper and gold beneath it.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Akjoujtcity, CC BY-SA 3.0. Its name means 'wells', but this desert town in Mauritania has spent three thousand years digging for something harder to reach: the copper and gold beneath it.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/akjoujt/">Akjoujt on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Akjoujtcity | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/t/b/akjoujt-wp/eetb-akjoujt-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/t/b/akjoujt-wp/eetb-akjoujt-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2731182"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:43</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/t/b/akjoujt-wp/eetb-akjoujt-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Inchiri region</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/inchiri-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Akjoujtcity, CC BY-SA 3.0. Mauritania's smallest, emptiest region holds a periodic table's worth of buried metal, one city, and barely twenty thousand people clinging to a mineral frontier.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Akjoujtcity, CC BY-SA 3.0. Mauritania's smallest, emptiest region holds a periodic table's worth of buried metal, one city, and barely twenty thousand people clinging to a mineral frontier.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/inchiri-region/">Inchiri region on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Akjoujtcity | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/t/b/inchiri-region-wp/eetb-inchiri-region-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/t/b/inchiri-region-wp/eetb-inchiri-region-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2888664"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:58</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/t/b/inchiri-region-wp/eetb-inchiri-region-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/afonso-goncalves-baldaia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting) and user:NordNordWest, CC BY 3.0. A royal cup-bearer with no sailing experience pushed a small ship past the edge of the known world and named a barren inlet the River of Gold.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting) and user:NordNordWest, CC BY 3.0. A royal cup-bearer with no sailing experience pushed a small ship past the edge of the known world and named a barren inlet the River of Gold.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/afonso-goncalves-baldaia/">Afonso Gonçalves Baldaia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting) and user:NordNordWest | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/u/n/afonso-goncalves-baldaia-wp/eeun-afonso-goncalves-baldaia-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/u/n/afonso-goncalves-baldaia-wp/eeun-afonso-goncalves-baldaia-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2862961"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:58</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/u/n/afonso-goncalves-baldaia-wp/eeun-afonso-goncalves-baldaia-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Inal, Mauritania</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/inal-mauritania/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A small rail town in the Mauritanian desert whose name belongs forever to the men hanged at its military base on the night of independence, and to the families still demanding their names be answered for.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A small rail town in the Mauritanian desert whose name belongs forever to the men hanged at its military base on the night of independence, and to the families still demanding their names be answered for.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/inal-mauritania/">Inal, Mauritania on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/v/2/inal-mauritania-wp/eev2-inal-mauritania-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/v/2/inal-mauritania-wp/eev2-inal-mauritania-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2979519"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:08</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Zug, Western Sahara</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/zug-western-sahara/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A remote outpost in the disputed far south of Western Sahara, where a sand sea meets a contested border and a small town's hospital became a project of long-distance solidarity.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A remote outpost in the disputed far south of Western Sahara, where a sand sea meets a contested border and a small town's hospital became a project of long-distance solidarity.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/zug-western-sahara/">Zug, Western Sahara on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/v/f/zug-western-sahara-wp/eevf-zug-western-sahara-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/v/f/zug-western-sahara-wp/eevf-zug-western-sahara-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2958753"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Maaden El-Irvane</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/maaden-el-irvane/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Founded in 1975 by a Sufi sheikh as 'the deposit of knowledge,' this Mauritanian desert oasis built itself around an unusual idea: that men and women should farm, build, and live as equals.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Founded in 1975 by a Sufi sheikh as 'the deposit of knowledge,' this Mauritanian desert oasis built itself around an unusual idea: that men and women should farm, build, and live as equals.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/maaden-el-irvane/">Maaden El-Irvane on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/8/maaden-el-irvane-wp/eew8-maaden-el-irvane-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/8/maaden-el-irvane-wp/eew8-maaden-el-irvane-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2416793"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:21</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Terjit</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/terjit/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit LBM1948, CC BY-SA 4.0. A traveler's guide to the palm-shaded oasis of Terjit, where springs surface in a Saharan gorge an hour south of Atar.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit LBM1948, CC BY-SA 4.0. A traveler's guide to the palm-shaded oasis of Terjit, where springs surface in a Saharan gorge an hour south of Atar.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/terjit/">Terjit on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: LBM1948 | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/e/terjit-wk/eewe-terjit-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/e/terjit-wk/eewe-terjit-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2819176"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:46</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/e/terjit-wk/eewe-terjit-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Terjit</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/terjit/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ji-Elle, CC BY-SA 3.0. In a gorge on the western edge of Mauritania's Adrar plateau, warm and cold springs rise beneath a curtain of date palms, creating one of the Sahara's most improbable green places.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ji-Elle, CC BY-SA 3.0. In a gorge on the western edge of Mauritania's Adrar plateau, warm and cold springs rise beneath a curtain of date palms, creating one of the Sahara's most improbable green places.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/terjit/">Terjit on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ji-Elle | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/e/terjit-wp/eewe-terjit-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/e/terjit-wp/eewe-terjit-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2162950"/>
      <itunes:duration>2:45</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/e/terjit-wp/eewe-terjit-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aouelloul crater</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/aouelloul-crater/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A near-perfect 390-meter circle gouged into the Mauritanian Sahara roughly three million years ago, when a meteorite struck the Akchar Desert hard enough to fuse sand into glass.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A near-perfect 390-meter circle gouged into the Mauritanian Sahara roughly three million years ago, when a meteorite struck the Akchar Desert hard enough to fuse sand into glass.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/aouelloul-crater/">Aouelloul crater on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/g/aouelloul-crater-wp/eewg-aouelloul-crater-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/g/aouelloul-crater-wp/eewg-aouelloul-crater-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2252857"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:07</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>The Chinguetti Meteorite</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chinguetti-meteorite/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A French officer claimed in 1916 that he had stood atop an iron mountain fallen from the sky - and then could never find it again.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A French officer claimed in 1916 that he had stood atop an iron mountain fallen from the sky - and then could never find it again.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chinguetti-meteorite/">The Chinguetti Meteorite on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/k/chinguetti-meteorite-wp/eewk-chinguetti-meteorite-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/k/chinguetti-meteorite-wp/eewk-chinguetti-meteorite-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3267715"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:32</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adrar Plateau</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/adrar-plateau/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit James Stuby based on NASA image, Public domain. A sandstone island rising from the Sahara, where green oases hide in stone gorges and rock art records a wetter world that vanished.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit James Stuby based on NASA image, Public domain. A sandstone island rising from the Sahara, where green oases hide in stone gorges and rock art records a wetter world that vanished.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/adrar-plateau/">Adrar Plateau on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: James Stuby based on NASA image | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/adrar-plateau-wp/eews-adrar-plateau-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/adrar-plateau-wp/eews-adrar-plateau-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3046513"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:10</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/adrar-plateau-wp/eews-adrar-plateau-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Adrar Region</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/adrar-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit The original uploader was Manu25 at French Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 2.5. A Mauritanian region the size of a small country, home to around seventy thousand people, four caravan cities, and a way of life upended by drought.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit The original uploader was Manu25 at French Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 2.5. A Mauritanian region the size of a small country, home to around seventy thousand people, four caravan cities, and a way of life upended by drought.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/adrar-region/">Adrar Region on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: The original uploader was Manu25 at French Wikipedia. | CC BY-SA 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/adrar-region-wp/eews-adrar-region-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/adrar-region-wp/eews-adrar-region-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3267375"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:22</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/adrar-region-wp/eews-adrar-region-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Atar</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/atar-mauritania/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Saharan capital of Mauritania's Adrar - a town built on a dry riverbed, guarding the hard road to the desert's lost cities.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Saharan capital of Mauritania's Adrar - a town built on a dry riverbed, guarding the hard road to the desert's lost cities.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/atar-mauritania/">Atar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bertramz | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/atar-mauritania-wp/eews-atar-mauritania-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/atar-mauritania-wp/eews-atar-mauritania-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2983563"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:01</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/atar-mauritania-wp/eews-atar-mauritania-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Atar: The Traveler&apos;s Gateway</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/atar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[How travelers actually reach the Adrar - by paved highway, by bush taxi, or by climbing into the dusty ore wagons of one of the longest trains on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>How travelers actually reach the Adrar - by paved highway, by bush taxi, or by climbing into the dusty ore wagons of one of the longest trains on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/atar/">Atar on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/atar-wk/eews-atar-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/atar-wk/eews-atar-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2901859"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:59</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/atar-wk/eews-atar-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Azougi</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/azougi/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A small oasis village seven kilometers from Atar, Azougi pairs ancient rock paintings and Almoravid ruins with the kind of unhurried Saharan hospitality that turns a day trip into a memory.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A small oasis village seven kilometers from Atar, Azougi pairs ancient rock paintings and Almoravid ruins with the kind of unhurried Saharan hospitality that turns a day trip into a memory.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/azougi/">Azougi on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/azougi-wk/eews-azougi-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/azougi-wk/eews-azougi-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2473230"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:13</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/azougi-wk/eews-azougi-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Azougui</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/azougui/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A ruined desert fortress on Mauritania's Adrar Plateau, Azougui was the first capital of the Almoravids, the Saharan movement that went on to rule from Ghana to Spain.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A ruined desert fortress on Mauritania's Adrar Plateau, Azougui was the first capital of the Almoravids, the Saharan movement that went on to rule from Ghana to Spain.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/azougui/">Azougui on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/azougui-wp/eews-azougui-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/azougui-wp/eews-azougui-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3005693"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:01</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/s/azougui-wp/eews-azougui-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Agrour Amogjar</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/agrour-amogjar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. On a rocky peak near Mauritania's Amogjar Pass, small shelters hold thousands of years of painted memory: cattle, dancers, giraffes, and a vanished green Sahara.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. On a rocky peak near Mauritania's Amogjar Pass, small shelters hold thousands of years of painted memory: cattle, dancers, giraffes, and a vanished green Sahara.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/agrour-amogjar/">Agrour Amogjar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/u/agrour-amogjar-wp/eewu-agrour-amogjar-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/u/agrour-amogjar-wp/eewu-agrour-amogjar-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2645242"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:28</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/w/u/agrour-amogjar-wp/eewu-agrour-amogjar-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Geography of Mauritania</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/geography-of-mauritania/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jeff Schmaltz, Public domain. Where the Sahara meets the Sahel and the Atlantic, Mauritania is a vast, flat land of shifting dunes, mineral-rich peaks, and the great circular Eye of the Sahara visible from space.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jeff Schmaltz, Public domain. Where the Sahara meets the Sahel and the Atlantic, Mauritania is a vast, flat land of shifting dunes, mineral-rich peaks, and the great circular Eye of the Sahara visible from space.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/geography-of-mauritania/">Geography of Mauritania on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jeff Schmaltz | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/3/geography-of-mauritania-wp/eex3-geography-of-mauritania-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/3/geography-of-mauritania-wp/eex3-geography-of-mauritania-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3585517"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:55</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/3/geography-of-mauritania-wp/eex3-geography-of-mauritania-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chinguetti Mosque</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chinguetti-mosque/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Mohamed Natti, CC BY-SA 4.0. Crowned with ostrich-egg finials and built of unmortared stone, the medieval mosque of Chinguetti is the spiritual emblem of Mauritania and a beacon of a holy desert city the sands are slowly reclaiming.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Mohamed Natti, CC BY-SA 4.0. Crowned with ostrich-egg finials and built of unmortared stone, the medieval mosque of Chinguetti is the spiritual emblem of Mauritania and a beacon of a holy desert city the sands are slowly reclaiming.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chinguetti-mosque/">Chinguetti Mosque on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Mohamed Natti | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-mosque-wp/eexh-chinguetti-mosque-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-mosque-wp/eexh-chinguetti-mosque-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2862316"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:52</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-mosque-wp/eexh-chinguetti-mosque-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chinguetti</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chinguetti/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A traveler's approach to the Saharan library-town of Chinguetti - how to reach it from Atar, what to see on foot, and the desert hospitality that defines a stay.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A traveler's approach to the Saharan library-town of Chinguetti - how to reach it from Atar, what to see on foot, and the desert hospitality that defines a stay.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chinguetti/">Chinguetti on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-wk/eexh-chinguetti-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-wk/eexh-chinguetti-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2734559"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:40</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-wk/eexh-chinguetti-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Chinguetti</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chinguetti/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit François COLIN, CC BY-SA 2.5. A medieval caravan city in the Mauritanian Sahara whose family-held libraries still guard thousands of centuries-old manuscripts as the dunes press against its walls.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit François COLIN, CC BY-SA 2.5. A medieval caravan city in the Mauritanian Sahara whose family-held libraries still guard thousands of centuries-old manuscripts as the dunes press against its walls.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chinguetti/">Chinguetti on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: François COLIN | CC BY-SA 2.5</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-wp/eexh-chinguetti-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-wp/eexh-chinguetti-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3214635"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:21</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/h/chinguetti-wp/eexh-chinguetti-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Jbilet Winselwan Meteorite</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/jbilet-winselwan-meteorite/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit MJCato, CC BY-SA 4.0. A scatter of dark stones found in the Western Sahara in 2013 turned out to be one of the most useful carbonaceous chondrites on Earth - a cheap, plentiful stand-in for the asteroids spacecraft fly billions of miles to sample.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit MJCato, CC BY-SA 4.0. A scatter of dark stones found in the Western Sahara in 2013 turned out to be one of the most useful carbonaceous chondrites on Earth - a cheap, plentiful stand-in for the asteroids spacecraft fly billions of miles to sample.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/jbilet-winselwan-meteorite/">Jbilet Winselwan Meteorite on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: MJCato | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/t/jbilet-winselwan-meteorite-wp/eext-jbilet-winselwan-meteorite-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/t/jbilet-winselwan-meteorite-wp/eext-jbilet-winselwan-meteorite-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2952517"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:00</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/t/jbilet-winselwan-meteorite-wp/eext-jbilet-winselwan-meteorite-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC BY-SA 3.0. Four medieval Saharan trading towns - Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt, and Oualata - jointly inscribed by UNESCO in 1996 as the surviving record of a vanished caravan world now fighting the encroaching sand.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC BY-SA 3.0. Four medieval Saharan trading towns - Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt, and Oualata - jointly inscribed by UNESCO in 1996 as the surviving record of a vanished caravan world now fighting the encroaching sand.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata/">Ancient Ksour of Ouadane, Chinguetti, Tichitt and Oualata on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/x/ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata-wp/eexx-ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/x/ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata-wp/eexx-ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3120727"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:20</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/x/ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata-wp/eexx-ancient-ksour-of-ouadane-chinguetti-tichitt-and-oualata-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ouadane</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ouadane/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A ruined medieval caravan city on the edge of the Adrar escarpment in Mauritania - once the richest town of the Adrar, fought over by Portuguese and Moroccans for its salt and gold, and the nearest settlement to the great Eye of the Sahara.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A ruined medieval caravan city on the edge of the Adrar escarpment in Mauritania - once the richest town of the Adrar, fought over by Portuguese and Moroccans for its salt and gold, and the nearest settlement to the great Eye of the Sahara.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ouadane/">Ouadane on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/x/ouadane-wp/eexx-ouadane-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/x/ouadane-wp/eexx-ouadane-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3294735"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:22</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/x/x/ouadane-wp/eexx-ouadane-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ben Amera</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ben-amera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Les3corbiers, CC BY-SA 3.0. A 633-meter granite dome rising from the empty Sahara, Ben Amera is Africa's largest monolith and the second largest on Earth, trailing only Australia's Uluru.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Les3corbiers, CC BY-SA 3.0. A 633-meter granite dome rising from the empty Sahara, Ben Amera is Africa's largest monolith and the second largest on Earth, trailing only Australia's Uluru.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ben-amera/">Ben Amera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Les3corbiers | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/2/ben-amera-wp/eey2-ben-amera-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/2/ben-amera-wp/eey2-ben-amera-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2935407"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:57</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/2/ben-amera-wp/eey2-ben-amera-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Choum</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/choum/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. A scatter of wooden shacks in the empty Sahara, Choum exists for one reason: it is where the legendary Iron Ore Train stops, the desert gateway to Mauritania's Adrar.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bertramz, CC BY-SA 3.0. A scatter of wooden shacks in the empty Sahara, Choum exists for one reason: it is where the legendary Iron Ore Train stops, the desert gateway to Mauritania's Adrar.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/choum/">Choum on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bertramz | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/9/choum-wk/eey9-choum-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/9/choum-wk/eey9-choum-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2850960"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:52</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/9/choum-wk/eey9-choum-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mauritania Railway</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mauritania-railway/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Bahnfrend, CC BY-SA 3.0. A single steel line crossing 704 km of Sahara, the Mauritania Railway carries one of the longest and heaviest trains on Earth, and travelers ride it for free atop the open ore cars.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Bahnfrend, CC BY-SA 3.0. A single steel line crossing 704 km of Sahara, the Mauritania Railway carries one of the longest and heaviest trains on Earth, and travelers ride it for free atop the open ore cars.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mauritania-railway/">Mauritania Railway on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Bahnfrend | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:03</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/9/mauritania-railway-wp/eey9-mauritania-railway-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Agounit</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/agounit/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A small desert settlement deep in the Polisario-controlled Free Zone of Western Sahara, Agounit holds a hospital, a school, and a quiet claim to statehood in disputed land.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A small desert settlement deep in the Polisario-controlled Free Zone of Western Sahara, Agounit holds a hospital, a school, and a quiet claim to statehood in disputed land.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/agounit/">Agounit on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/w/agounit-wp/eeyw-agounit-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/y/w/agounit-wp/eeyw-agounit-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2997859"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:09</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tourine Ambush</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tourine-ambush/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting), CC BY-SA 3.0. On a desert night in 2008, a Mauritanian army patrol was ambushed and its soldiers killed near the village of Tourine, the first major attack that drew the country into the Sahel's long insurgency.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting), CC BY-SA 3.0. On a desert night in 2008, a Mauritanian army patrol was ambushed and its soldiers killed near the village of Tourine, the first major attack that drew the country into the Sahel's long insurgency.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tourine-ambush/">Tourine Ambush on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Eric Gaba (Sting - fr:Sting) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/z/x/tourine-ambush-wp/eezx-tourine-ambush-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/z/x/tourine-ambush-wp/eezx-tourine-ambush-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2801923"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:53</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/e/z/x/tourine-ambush-wp/eezx-tourine-ambush-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Koniakary Tata</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koniakary-tata/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit KAG1LP2MDIAKITE, CC BY-SA 4.0. A stone fortress raised against the French in 1850s Mali, the Koniakary tata stood for a single generation before colonial guns reduced it to the broken wall you can still trace today.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit KAG1LP2MDIAKITE, CC BY-SA 4.0. A stone fortress raised against the French in 1850s Mali, the Koniakary tata stood for a single generation before colonial guns reduced it to the broken wall you can still trace today.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koniakary-tata/">Koniakary Tata on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: KAG1LP2MDIAKITE | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/8/4/koniakary-tata-wp/ef84-koniakary-tata-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/8/4/koniakary-tata-wp/ef84-koniakary-tata-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2483072"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:16</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/8/4/koniakary-tata-wp/ef84-koniakary-tata-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Nioro du Sahel</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nioro-du-sahel/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Gregor Rom, CC BY-SA 4.0. A Sahelian town that was once the capital of a Bambara kingdom and is now one of West Africa's great Sufi pilgrimage centers, drawing thousands each year to the seat of the Hamawiyya brotherhood.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Gregor Rom, CC BY-SA 4.0. A Sahelian town that was once the capital of a Bambara kingdom and is now one of West Africa's great Sufi pilgrimage centers, drawing thousands each year to the seat of the Hamawiyya brotherhood.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nioro-du-sahel/">Nioro du Sahel on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Gregor Rom | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/9/n/nioro-du-sahel-wp/ef9n-nioro-du-sahel-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/9/n/nioro-du-sahel-wp/ef9n-nioro-du-sahel-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2508040"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:20</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/9/n/nioro-du-sahel-wp/ef9n-nioro-du-sahel-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Ghana Empire</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/ghana-empire/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Luxo, CC BY-SA 3.0. The first great empire of the Sahel grew rich not on gold it owned but on gold it taxed - and its king sat in court so splendid that Arab geographers called him the wealthiest ruler on earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Luxo, CC BY-SA 3.0. The first great empire of the Sahel grew rich not on gold it owned but on gold it taxed - and its king sat in court so splendid that Arab geographers called him the wealthiest ruler on earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/ghana-empire/">Ghana Empire on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Luxo | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/3/ghana-empire-wp/eff3-ghana-empire-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/3/ghana-empire-wp/eff3-ghana-empire-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="4040139"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:32</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/3/ghana-empire-wp/eff3-ghana-empire-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Koumbi Saleh</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A ruined stone city in the Mauritanian desert, widely believed to be the lost capital of the Ghana Empire - found because of a single name in a 17th-century manuscript, yet still missing the one inscription that would prove it.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Clemens Schmillen, CC BY-SA 4.0. A ruined stone city in the Mauritanian desert, widely believed to be the lost capital of the Ghana Empire - found because of a single name in a 17th-century manuscript, yet still missing the one inscription that would prove it.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/koumbi-saleh/">Koumbi Saleh on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Clemens Schmillen | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/3/koumbi-saleh-wp/eff3-koumbi-saleh-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/3/koumbi-saleh-wp/eff3-koumbi-saleh-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3831763"/>
      <itunes:duration>5:10</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/3/koumbi-saleh-wp/eff3-koumbi-saleh-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Néma</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/nema/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. Where the great trans-Mauritanian Road of Hope finally runs out of pavement, a desert town of plateaus and palm-cart traffic marks the far eastern edge of a country - and the threshold of the open Sahel.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. Where the great trans-Mauritanian Road of Hope finally runs out of pavement, a desert town of plateaus and palm-cart traffic marks the far eastern edge of a country - and the threshold of the open Sahel.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/nema/">Néma on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/y/nema-wp/effy-nema-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/y/nema-wp/effy-nema-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3527328"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:46</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/f/y/nema-wp/effy-nema-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Inner Niger Delta</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/inner-niger-delta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Where the Niger River unclenches into a 400-kilometer maze of lakes and grass, a desert grows a sea each year - and a million cattle wait for the signal to cross.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Where the Niger River unclenches into a 400-kilometer maze of lakes and grass, a desert grows a sea each year - and a million cattle wait for the signal to cross.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/inner-niger-delta/">Inner Niger Delta on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/s/g/inner-niger-delta-wp/efsg-inner-niger-delta-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/f/s/g/inner-niger-delta-wp/efsg-inner-niger-delta-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3381511"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:41</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aoudaghost</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/aoudaghost/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A vanished caravan city on the edge of the Sahara, once so rich a single merchant might own a thousand servants, now a silent mound of sand called Tegdaoust.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A vanished caravan city on the edge of the Sahara, once so rich a single merchant might own a thousand servants, now a silent mound of sand called Tegdaoust.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/aoudaghost/">Aoudaghost on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/0/e/aoudaghost-wp/eg0e-aoudaghost-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/0/e/aoudaghost-wp/eg0e-aoudaghost-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3590855"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:59</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Aoukar</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/aoukar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wilson McMakin, CC BY-SA 4.0. A vast dry basin in southeastern Mauritania, once a lake big enough to feed an early civilization and later the cradle of the Ghana Empire, now sand, salt, and the last refuge of a vanishing antelope.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wilson McMakin, CC BY-SA 4.0. A vast dry basin in southeastern Mauritania, once a lake big enough to feed an early civilization and later the cradle of the Ghana Empire, now sand, salt, and the last refuge of a vanishing antelope.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/aoukar/">Aoukar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wilson McMakin | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/1/h/aoukar-wp/eg1h-aoukar-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/1/h/aoukar-wp/eg1h-aoukar-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3047928"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:09</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/1/h/aoukar-wp/eg1h-aoukar-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tagant Plateau</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tagant-plateau/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. A stony highland in eastern Mauritania whose cliffs shelter caravan towns, hide ancient glacial scars from a time the Sahara lay under ice, and harbor a few impossible desert crocodiles.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. A stony highland in eastern Mauritania whose cliffs shelter caravan towns, hide ancient glacial scars from a time the Sahara lay under ice, and harbor a few impossible desert crocodiles.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tagant-plateau/">Tagant Plateau on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/2/1/tagant-plateau-wp/eg21-tagant-plateau-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/2/1/tagant-plateau-wp/eg21-tagant-plateau-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2677985"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:43</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/2/1/tagant-plateau-wp/eg21-tagant-plateau-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tichit</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tichit/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[A half-abandoned medieval caravan town on the Tagant escarpment, built from six colors of stone, one of the four UNESCO Ancient Ksour and one of the oldest stone settlements south of the Sahara.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A half-abandoned medieval caravan town on the Tagant escarpment, built from six colors of stone, one of the four UNESCO Ancient Ksour and one of the oldest stone settlements south of the Sahara.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tichit/">Tichit on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/0/tichit-wk/eg30-tichit-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/0/tichit-wk/eg30-tichit-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2685135"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:43</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Tichit</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tichit/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wilson McMakin, CC BY-SA 4.0. A stone caravan town at the foot of the Tagant Plateau, slowly disappearing beneath the dunes that once made it rich.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wilson McMakin, CC BY-SA 4.0. A stone caravan town at the foot of the Tagant Plateau, slowly disappearing beneath the dunes that once made it rich.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tichit/">Tichit on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wilson McMakin | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/0/tichit-wp/eg30-tichit-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/0/tichit-wp/eg30-tichit-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2921775"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:56</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/0/tichit-wp/eg30-tichit-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Dhar Tichitt</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/dhar-tichitt/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wilson McMakin, CC BY-SA 4.0. Along a 4,000-year-old escarpment in the Sahara lie the oldest stone settlements south of the desert, where West Africa first built towns and a civilization rehearsed the rise of an empire.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wilson McMakin, CC BY-SA 4.0. Along a 4,000-year-old escarpment in the Sahara lie the oldest stone settlements south of the desert, where West Africa first built towns and a civilization rehearsed the rise of an empire.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/dhar-tichitt/">Dhar Tichitt on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wilson McMakin | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/2/dhar-tichitt-wp/eg32-dhar-tichitt-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/2/dhar-tichitt-wp/eg32-dhar-tichitt-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3028689"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:07</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/3/2/dhar-tichitt-wp/eg32-dhar-tichitt-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Oualata</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/oualata/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit c.hug, CC BY-SA 2.0. The easternmost of Mauritania's ancient ksour, a caravan terminus where women paint the houses and family libraries still guard centuries of manuscripts.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit c.hug, CC BY-SA 2.0. The easternmost of Mauritania's ancient ksour, a caravan terminus where women paint the houses and family libraries still guard centuries of manuscripts.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/oualata/">Oualata on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: c.hug | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/5/4/oualata-wp/eg54-oualata-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/5/4/oualata-wp/eg54-oualata-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2826520"/>
      <itunes:duration>3:49</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/5/4/oualata-wp/eg54-oualata-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Mauritania</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/mauritania/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jah Abdul, CC BY-SA 4.0. A land where the Sahara meets the Atlantic, home to the world's longest train, ancient caravan cities, and one of the great bird sanctuaries on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jah Abdul, CC BY-SA 4.0. A land where the Sahara meets the Atlantic, home to the world's longest train, ancient caravan cities, and one of the great bird sanctuaries on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/mauritania/">Mauritania on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jah Abdul | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/8/p/mauritania-wk/eg8p-mauritania-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/8/p/mauritania-wk/eg8p-mauritania-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="3051742"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:07</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/8/p/mauritania-wk/eg8p-mauritania-combined-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Empire of Great Fulo</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/empire-of-great-fulo/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The Denanke Kingdom, a Fulani empire of the Senegal valley that rose on a cavalry migration, toppled an older empire, and fell at last to a holy war.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Denanke Kingdom, a Fulani empire of the Senegal valley that rose on a cavalry migration, toppled an older empire, and fell at last to a holy war.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/empire-of-great-fulo/">Empire of Great Fulo on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/b/j/empire-of-great-fulo-wp/egbj-empire-of-great-fulo-combined.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/e/g/b/j/empire-of-great-fulo-wp/egbj-empire-of-great-fulo-combined.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="2940553"/>
      <itunes:duration>4:05</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
    </item>
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      <title>El Djouf</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/el-djouf/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit James Stuby based on NASA images, Public domain. A sea of sand and salt straddling Mali and Mauritania, El Djouf is the great empty heart of the Sahara - and the source of the slab salt that once bought gold.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit James Stuby based on NASA images, Public domain. A sea of sand and salt straddling Mali and Mauritania, El Djouf is the great empty heart of the Sahara - and the source of the slab salt that once bought gold.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/el-djouf/">El Djouf on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: James Stuby based on NASA images | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:54</itunes:duration>
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      <title>Tenoumer Crater</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tenoumer-crater/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Michael Dennig, Public domain. A near-perfect circle punched into the Mauritanian Sahara, Tenoumer is the scar left by a meteorite that struck ancient rock that had already weathered for a billion years.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Michael Dennig, Public domain. A near-perfect circle punched into the Mauritanian Sahara, Tenoumer is the scar left by a meteorite that struck ancient rock that had already weathered for a billion years.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tenoumer-crater/">Tenoumer Crater on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Michael Dennig | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:46</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <title>Tiris Zemmour</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tiris-zemmour-region/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit The original uploader was McTrixie at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0. Mauritania's vast northern desert region, where one of the world's longest freight trains hauls iron ore across the Sahara to the sea.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit The original uploader was McTrixie at English Wikipedia., CC BY-SA 3.0. Mauritania's vast northern desert region, where one of the world's longest freight trains hauls iron ore across the Sahara to the sea.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tiris-zemmour-region/">Tiris Zemmour on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: The original uploader was McTrixie at English Wikipedia. | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:58</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/u/3/8/tiris-zemmour-region-wp/eu38-tiris-zemmour-region-combined-cover.jpg"/>
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      <title>Tifariti</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/tifariti/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Rkrdgh, Public domain. A bombed-out desert oasis that the Sahrawi people rebuilt brick by brick into the working capital of a republic still seeking its homeland.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Rkrdgh, Public domain. A bombed-out desert oasis that the Sahrawi people rebuilt brick by brick into the working capital of a republic still seeking its homeland.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/tifariti/">Tifariti on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Rkrdgh | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:26</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/e/u/8/k/tifariti-wp/eu8k-tifariti-combined-cover.jpg"/>
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    <item>
      <title>Bir Lehlou</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bir-lehlou/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jørn Sund-Henriksen, CC BY-SA 3.0. A small desert oasis where, by radio on a February night in 1976, a people without a state declared one into being.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jørn Sund-Henriksen, CC BY-SA 3.0. A small desert oasis where, by radio on a February night in 1976, a people without a state declared one into being.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bir-lehlou/">Bir Lehlou on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jørn Sund-Henriksen | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>4:31</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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    <item>
      <title>Erg Iguidi</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/erg-iguidi/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit NASA, Public domain. A 400-kilometer sea of linear dunes straddling Algeria and Mauritania, where dry winds comb the sand into endless parallel ridges.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit NASA, Public domain. A 400-kilometer sea of linear dunes straddling Algeria and Mauritania, where dry winds comb the sand into endless parallel ridges.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/erg-iguidi/">Erg Iguidi on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: NASA | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 14 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>3:17</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
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      <title>Dakar</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/dakar/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jeff Attaway from Abuja, Nigeria, CC BY 2.0. Where Senegal's capital perches on Africa's westernmost point, where Goree Island remembers the slave trade, where teranga hospitality welcomes visitors to Francophone Africa's hub.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jeff Attaway from Abuja, Nigeria, CC BY 2.0. Where Senegal's capital perches on Africa's westernmost point, where Goree Island remembers the slave trade, where teranga hospitality welcomes visitors to Francophone Africa's hub.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/dakar/">Dakar on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jeff Attaway from Abuja, Nigeria | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>5:50</itunes:duration>
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