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    <title>Qualla: Longshan Culture</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[Five thousand years before the first Chinese dynasty, the Longshan people were building walled cities, farming millet and rice, producing silk, and crafting black pottery so thin it earned the name 'eggshell ware.']]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[Five thousand years before the first Chinese dynasty, the Longshan people were building walled cities, farming millet and rice, producing silk, and crafting black pottery so thin it earned the name 'eggshell ware.']]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Longshan Culture</title>
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      <title>Longshan Culture: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Doctoroftcm, CC BY-SA 3.0. Hold a piece of Longshan black pottery up to the light, and the light comes through. The walls of these vessels are so thin -- sometimes less than a millimeter -- that archaeologists call them eggshell ware. They were made on fast-spinning potter's wheels five thousand years ago, by people who lived in walled cities, practiced divination by heating animal bones, and buried their elite with jade ornaments that would not look out of place in a modern museum case. The Longshan culture, which flourished from roughly 3000 to 1900 BC across the middle and lower Yellow River valley, represents the moment when Chinese civilization began assembling the toolkit -- cities, hierarchies, warfare, metallurgy -- that would define its next five millennia.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Doctoroftcm, CC BY-SA 3.0. Hold a piece of Longshan black pottery up to the light, and the light comes through. The walls of these vessels are so thin -- sometimes less than a millimeter -- that archaeologists call them eggshell ware. They were made on fast-spinning potter's wheels five thousand years ago, by people who lived in walled cities, practiced divination by heating animal bones, and buried their elite with jade ornaments that would not look out of place in a modern museum case. The Longshan culture, which flourished from roughly 3000 to 1900 BC across the middle and lower Yellow River valley, represents the moment when Chinese civilization began assembling the toolkit -- cities, hierarchies, warfare, metallurgy -- that would define its next five millennia.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/">Longshan Culture on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Doctoroftcm | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Longshan Culture: Dragon Mountain</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Kanguole, CC BY-SA 4.0. The culture takes its name from the town of Longshan -- literally "Dragon Mountain" -- in Zhangqiu, Shandong province, where archaeologists first identified its distinctive pottery at the Chengziya site in 1928. Excavations in 1930 and 1931 revealed a sophisticated material cultu...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Kanguole, CC BY-SA 4.0. The culture takes its name from the town of Longshan -- literally "Dragon Mountain" -- in Zhangqiu, Shandong province, where archaeologists first identified its distinctive pottery at the Chengziya site in 1928. Excavations in 1930 and 1931 revealed a sophisticated material cultu...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/">Longshan Culture on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Kanguole | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Longshan Culture: The First Cities</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit पाटलिपुत्र, CC BY-SA 4.0. During the third millennium BC, the Longshan population expanded dramatically. Settlements grew into cities with rammed-earth walls, clearly demarcated neighborhoods for different social classes, and large elite residences alongside ritual structures. At least thirty walled towns...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit पाटलिपुत्र, CC BY-SA 4.0. During the third millennium BC, the Longshan population expanded dramatically. Settlements grew into cities with rammed-earth walls, clearly demarcated neighborhoods for different social classes, and large elite residences alongside ritual structures. At least thirty walled towns...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/">Longshan Culture on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: पाटलिपुत्र | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Longshan Culture: Giants and Silkworms</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Public domain. The Longshan people grew foxtail millet as their primary crop, supplemented by broomcorn millet, rice, and wheat. They raised pigs for meat, domesticated sheep and goats, and began the small-scale silk production -- raising and domesticating silkworms -- that would eventually bec...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Public domain. The Longshan people grew foxtail millet as their primary crop, supplemented by broomcorn millet, rice, and wheat. They raised pigs for meat, domesticated sheep and goats, and began the small-scale silk production -- raising and domesticating silkworms -- that would eventually bec...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/">Longshan Culture on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Longshan Culture: The Collapse and What Came After</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Kanguole, CC BY-SA 4.0. Around 2000 BC, something went wrong. Populations declined sharply across most of the Longshan world, and many of the largest centers were abandoned. The high-quality black pottery vanished from ritual burials. Environmental change linked to the end of the Holocene Climatic Optim...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Kanguole, CC BY-SA 4.0. Around 2000 BC, something went wrong. Populations declined sharply across most of the Longshan world, and many of the largest centers were abandoned. The high-quality black pottery vanished from ritual burials. Environmental change linked to the end of the Holocene Climatic Optim...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/longshan-culture/">Longshan Culture on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Kanguole | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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