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    <title>Qualla: Halmahera</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[The largest island in the Maluku archipelago, shaped like a four-armed spider, where four ancient sultanates competed for power and where Alfred Russel Wallace conceived the theory of natural selection.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:37 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The largest island in the Maluku archipelago, shaped like a four-armed spider, where four ancient sultanates competed for power and where Alfred Russel Wallace conceived the theory of natural selection.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Halmahera</title>
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      <title>Halmahera: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/halmahera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Achmad Rabin Taim, CC BY 2.0. Between bouts of malarial fever in February 1858, on Ternate or perhaps on Halmahera itself, Alfred Russel Wallace wrote down the idea that would change biology forever. Natural selection: the survival of the fittest. He sent his letter to Darwin, and the rest is scientific history. But Wallace had come to these islands for a different reason. He was hunting the standardwing bird-of-paradise, Semioptera wallacii, which he would later call his greatest prize. The bird is endemic to Halmahera, a massive island shaped like a four-armed spider that sprawls across the equatorial sea east of the volcanic cones of Ternate and Tidore.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Achmad Rabin Taim, CC BY 2.0. Between bouts of malarial fever in February 1858, on Ternate or perhaps on Halmahera itself, Alfred Russel Wallace wrote down the idea that would change biology forever. Natural selection: the survival of the fittest. He sent his letter to Darwin, and the rest is scientific history. But Wallace had come to these islands for a different reason. He was hunting the standardwing bird-of-paradise, Semioptera wallacii, which he would later call his greatest prize. The bird is endemic to Halmahera, a massive island shaped like a four-armed spider that sprawls across the equatorial sea east of the volcanic cones of Ternate and Tidore.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/halmahera/">Halmahera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Achmad Rabin Taim | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Halmahera: The Spider in the Sea</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/halmahera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Muhammad ECTOR Prasetyo, CC BY 2.0. Halmahera is the largest island in the Maluku chain and the biggest in all of Indonesia outside the five main islands. Its distinctive shape, four peninsulas radiating from a mountainous core, is the product of tectonic forces that continue to shape the region. The island sits on...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Muhammad ECTOR Prasetyo, CC BY 2.0. Halmahera is the largest island in the Maluku chain and the biggest in all of Indonesia outside the five main islands. Its distinctive shape, four peninsulas radiating from a mountainous core, is the product of tectonic forces that continue to shape the region. The island sits on...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/halmahera/">Halmahera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Muhammad ECTOR Prasetyo | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Halmahera: Four Kingdoms and a Forgotten Fifth</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/halmahera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit a_rabin, CC BY 2.0. Halmahera's history has long been shaped by powers based on smaller islands offshore. The Maloko Kie Raha, the four great kingdoms of Maluku, consisted of the sultanates of Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo, the last of which was based on Halmahera itself. A fifth kingdom, the ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit a_rabin, CC BY 2.0. Halmahera's history has long been shaped by powers based on smaller islands offshore. The Maloko Kie Raha, the four great kingdoms of Maluku, consisted of the sultanates of Ternate, Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo, the last of which was based on Halmahera itself. A fifth kingdom, the ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/halmahera/">Halmahera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: a_rabin | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Halmahera: The People of the Forest</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/halmahera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit exploreplants, CC BY-SA 2.0. Two related but distinct peoples share Halmahera's landscape. The Tobelo, whose name translates roughly as "people who live outside of the forest," inhabit the coastal areas. In the island's deep interior, the semi-nomadic Togutil, the "people who live inside of the forest," numb...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit exploreplants, CC BY-SA 2.0. Two related but distinct peoples share Halmahera's landscape. The Tobelo, whose name translates roughly as "people who live outside of the forest," inhabit the coastal areas. In the island's deep interior, the semi-nomadic Togutil, the "people who live inside of the forest," numb...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/halmahera/">Halmahera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: exploreplants | CC BY-SA 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Halmahera: Nickel and the New Colonialism</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/halmahera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Unknown author, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Weda Bay Industrial Park in North and Central Halmahera hosts one of the world's largest nickel mining operations. Since Indonesia banned the export of unprocessed nickel ore in 2022, the raw material must be smelted on the island before shipping, requiring an expanding compl...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Unknown author, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Weda Bay Industrial Park in North and Central Halmahera hosts one of the world's largest nickel mining operations. Since Indonesia banned the export of unprocessed nickel ore in 2022, the raw material must be smelted on the island before shipping, requiring an expanding compl...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/halmahera/">Halmahera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Unknown author | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Halmahera: Between Two Capitals</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/halmahera/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit A. Rabin, CC BY 2.0. In 2010, the provincial government of North Maluku made a decision that reshuffled the region's geography of power. The capital moved from Ternate City, the volcanic island that had dominated the region for centuries, to Sofifi, a small settlement on the western coast of Halmaher...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit A. Rabin, CC BY 2.0. In 2010, the provincial government of North Maluku made a decision that reshuffled the region's geography of power. The capital moved from Ternate City, the volcanic island that had dominated the region for centuries, to Sofifi, a small settlement on the western coast of Halmaher...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/halmahera/">Halmahera on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: A. Rabin | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 09 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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