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    <title>Qualla: Fort Christanna</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A pentagonal frontier fort built in 1714 where a beloved English teacher instructed a hundred Siouan children to read and write, before colonial politics shut the entire experiment down in four short years.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A pentagonal frontier fort built in 1714 where a beloved English teacher instructed a hundred Siouan children to read and write, before colonial politics shut the entire experiment down in four short years.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Fort Christanna</title>
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      <title>Fort Christanna: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The children shrieked with delight as they ran through the rain. Lieutenant John Fontaine, visiting in 1715, recorded the scene at Fort Christanna -- hordes of happy Indian children playing outside a pentagonal stockade overlooking the Meherrin River in what is now Brunswick County, Virginia. Inside, a schoolmaster named Charles Griffin was teaching as many as a hundred Saponi, Tutelo, and Occaneechi children to speak English, read the Bible, and recite their catechisms. The Siouan peoples adored Griffin so much, one visitor reported, that they would gladly have crowned him king of the Saponi nation. It was a remarkable experiment in cross-cultural education on the edge of the British Empire -- and it lasted barely four years before colonial commerce killed it.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The children shrieked with delight as they ran through the rain. Lieutenant John Fontaine, visiting in 1715, recorded the scene at Fort Christanna -- hordes of happy Indian children playing outside a pentagonal stockade overlooking the Meherrin River in what is now Brunswick County, Virginia. Inside, a schoolmaster named Charles Griffin was teaching as many as a hundred Saponi, Tutelo, and Occaneechi children to speak English, read the Bible, and recite their catechisms. The Siouan peoples adored Griffin so much, one visitor reported, that they would gladly have crowned him king of the Saponi nation. It was a remarkable experiment in cross-cultural education on the edge of the British Empire -- and it lasted barely four years before colonial commerce killed it.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/">Fort Christanna on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Fort Christanna: Spotswood&apos;s Ambitious Design</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Tuscarora War erupted in 1711, sending shockwaves through the Virginia Colony. Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood saw an opportunity within the crisis. He proposed gathering the tributary Siouan and Iroquoian tribes of Virginia -- peoples who had accepted English authori...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Tuscarora War erupted in 1711, sending shockwaves through the Virginia Colony. Lieutenant Governor Alexander Spotswood saw an opportunity within the crisis. He proposed gathering the tributary Siouan and Iroquoian tribes of Virginia -- peoples who had accepted English authori...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/">Fort Christanna on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Fort Christanna: A School on the Frontier</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. In 1714, Spotswood personally visited the site and persuaded the Saponi, Tutelo, Occaneechi, and Eno peoples to occupy a 36-square-mile tract surveyed around the fort. Some Nansemond from the north side of the Meherrin River joined them. The Iroquoian tribes -- the Nottoway and M...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. In 1714, Spotswood personally visited the site and persuaded the Saponi, Tutelo, Occaneechi, and Eno peoples to occupy a 36-square-mile tract surveyed around the fort. Some Nansemond from the north side of the Meherrin River joined them. The Iroquoian tribes -- the Nottoway and M...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/">Fort Christanna on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Fort Christanna: Commerce Devours the Experiment</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Virginia Indian Company's trade monopoly infuriated private merchants, none more than William Byrd II, who had inherited his father's profitable Indian trade. Byrd traveled to London and lobbied the Lords of Trade directly, arguing that Christanna was an unnecessary public ex...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Virginia Indian Company's trade monopoly infuriated private merchants, none more than William Byrd II, who had inherited his father's profitable Indian trade. Byrd traveled to London and lobbied the Lords of Trade directly, arguing that Christanna was an unnecessary public ex...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/">Fort Christanna on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Fort Christanna: Scattered to the Winds</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Saponi, Tutelo, and remnants of perhaps fifteen other tribes lingered on the tract for years at a village they called Junkatapurse -- from the Tutelo words chunketa pasui, meaning horse's head. Around 1728, many migrated south to join the Catawba, fellow speakers of an easter...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Saponi, Tutelo, and remnants of perhaps fifteen other tribes lingered on the tract for years at a village they called Junkatapurse -- from the Tutelo words chunketa pasui, meaning horse's head. Around 1728, many migrated south to join the Catawba, fellow speakers of an easter...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/">Fort Christanna on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Fort Christanna: Ghosts in the Bastions</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Colonial Dames of America acquired about ten acres of the site in 1924 and erected a historical marker dedicated at a ceremony with native dancers and a descendant of Governor Spotswood. Archaeological excavations in the 1970s confirmed the fort's exact location. Brunswick Co...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jerrye &amp; Roy Klotz, MD, CC BY-SA 3.0. The Colonial Dames of America acquired about ten acres of the site in 1924 and erected a historical marker dedicated at a ceremony with native dancers and a descendant of Governor Spotswood. Archaeological excavations in the 1970s confirmed the fort's exact location. Brunswick Co...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/fort-christanna/">Fort Christanna on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jerrye &amp;amp; Roy Klotz, MD | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sun, 22 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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