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    <title>Qualla: El Khandaq</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[On the left bank of the Nile, 423 km north of Khartoum, a medieval Christian fortress anchors a Nubian river town whose two-story mud-brick houses have stood empty since the 1970s.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:29 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[On the left bank of the Nile, 423 km north of Khartoum, a medieval Christian fortress anchors a Nubian river town whose two-story mud-brick houses have stood empty since the 1970s.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: El Khandaq</title>
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      <title>El Khandaq: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The merchants walked out and didn't come back. Their two-story houses, with their many rooms and their careful mud-brick masonry, have stood empty since the early 1970s - fifty-plus years of silence in rooms once busy with the commerce of the Nile. El Khandaq was once described by European travelers as one of the best-built towns in Nubia. The railway finished it off. When the roads came and the goods stopped moving by river, the wealth evaporated, and what the town left behind is the skeleton of a Nubian port frozen mid-abandonment.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The merchants walked out and didn't come back. Their two-story houses, with their many rooms and their careful mud-brick masonry, have stood empty since the early 1970s - fifty-plus years of silence in rooms once busy with the commerce of the Nile. El Khandaq was once described by European travelers as one of the best-built towns in Nubia. The railway finished it off. When the roads came and the goods stopped moving by river, the wealth evaporated, and what the town left behind is the skeleton of a Nubian port frozen mid-abandonment.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/">El Khandaq on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>El Khandaq: Red Fort on the River</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Dominating the town is Qaila Qaila, the "Red Fort" - 150 meters by 70, its southwestern tower visible from both directions along the river, its western wall crumbling above the plain. The fortress dates to the Christian period, when this stretch of the Nile was the northern edge ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dominating the town is Qaila Qaila, the "Red Fort" - 150 meters by 70, its southwestern tower visible from both directions along the river, its western wall crumbling above the plain. The fortress dates to the Christian period, when this stretch of the Nile was the northern edge ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/">El Khandaq on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>El Khandaq: Port of the Desert</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries, Al-Khandaq was the primary Nile port connecting western Sudan with the river system. Caravans converged here from Kordofan and Darfur, unloaded at the quays, and the goods traveled on by boat. The wealthy merchants who ran this tra...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Between the seventeenth and twentieth centuries, Al-Khandaq was the primary Nile port connecting western Sudan with the river system. Caravans converged here from Kordofan and Darfur, unloaded at the quays, and the goods traveled on by boat. The wealthy merchants who ran this tra...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/">El Khandaq on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>El Khandaq: Slow Goodbye</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Decline came in waves. By the 1940s, railway and road traffic had begun siphoning off the river trade. Goods that once required weeks of boat travel could now cross Sudan in days, bypassing the bend where Al-Khandaq sat. The port lingered for three more decades, shrinking, until ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Decline came in waves. By the 1940s, railway and road traffic had begun siphoning off the river trade. Goods that once required weeks of boat travel could now cross Sudan in days, bypassing the bend where Al-Khandaq sat. The port lingered for three more decades, shrinking, until ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/">El Khandaq on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>El Khandaq: What the Desert Keeps</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Al-Khandaq sits on the left bank of the Nile about 423 km north of Khartoum. The river curves here, sluggish and wide, and the desert begins almost at the edge of the cultivated strip. From the air, the Red Fort shows as a rectangular outline with jutting towers, and the old merc...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Al-Khandaq sits on the left bank of the Nile about 423 km north of Khartoum. The river curves here, sluggish and wide, and the desert begins almost at the edge of the cultivated strip. From the air, the Red Fort shows as a rectangular outline with jutting towers, and the old merc...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/el-khandaq/">El Khandaq on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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