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    <title>Qualla: Chad–Sudan border</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border</link>
    <description><![CDATA[From the Libyan tripoint 423 kilometers down the 24th meridian, then a wandering 980 kilometers to the CAR corner - a 1,403-kilometer line that has been war zone, refugee corridor, and caravan route in turn.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[From the Libyan tripoint 423 kilometers down the 24th meridian, then a wandering 980 kilometers to the CAR corner - a 1,403-kilometer line that has been war zone, refugee corridor, and caravan route in turn.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Chad–Sudan border</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border</link>
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      <title>Chad–Sudan border: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. For 423 kilometers, the Chad-Sudan border is a straight line - it runs down the 24th meridian east from a tripoint with Libya in the northern Sahara. Then it gets interesting. At Wadi Hawar, the line breaks from geometry and begins to wander: an irregular thread defined by small streams, hills, hafirs, seasonal watercourses, landmarks that shift by the year. It continues this way for nearly a thousand more kilometers until it reaches the tripoint with the Central African Republic. The northern stretches lie in the Sahara. The middle crosses the Sahel. The south gives way to savanna and grassland. And along every kilometer of it, you can find communities whose lives don't fit neatly into either country.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. For 423 kilometers, the Chad-Sudan border is a straight line - it runs down the 24th meridian east from a tripoint with Libya in the northern Sahara. Then it gets interesting. At Wadi Hawar, the line breaks from geometry and begins to wander: an irregular thread defined by small streams, hills, hafirs, seasonal watercourses, landmarks that shift by the year. It continues this way for nearly a thousand more kilometers until it reaches the tripoint with the Central African Republic. The northern stretches lie in the Sahara. The middle crosses the Sahel. The south gives way to savanna and grassland. And along every kilometer of it, you can find communities whose lives don't fit neatly into either country.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/">Chad–Sudan border on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Vallee | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Chad–Sudan border: Before the Meridian</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. Long before 1898, when Britain and France agreed on their spheres of influence in the northern third of Africa, this country had its own map. The Fur sultanate, based in El Fasher, ruled much of what is now western Sudan. The Ouaddai sultanate, based in Abéché, ruled much of what...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. Long before 1898, when Britain and France agreed on their spheres of influence in the northern third of Africa, this country had its own map. The Fur sultanate, based in El Fasher, ruled much of what is now western Sudan. The Ouaddai sultanate, based in Abéché, ruled much of what...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/">Chad–Sudan border on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Vallee | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Chad–Sudan border: What the Desert Hides</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. The northern section of the border is pure Sahara. Sand seas, basalt outcrops, gravel plains. Temperature ranges that span forty degrees between noon and midnight. Water so scarce that travelers calibrate whole routes around known wells. The 24th meridian east as a political boun...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. The northern section of the border is pure Sahara. Sand seas, basalt outcrops, gravel plains. Temperature ranges that span forty degrees between noon and midnight. Water so scarce that travelers calibrate whole routes around known wells. The 24th meridian east as a political boun...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/">Chad–Sudan border on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Vallee | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Chad–Sudan border: Darfur Spills Over</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. In the 2000s, this border became news. The War in Darfur, which began in 2003, sent hundreds of thousands of refugees across into Chad. Janjaweed raids crossed both ways. In December 2005, a Chadian rebel group, the Rally for Democracy and Liberty, attacked the Chadian border tow...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. In the 2000s, this border became news. The War in Darfur, which began in 2003, sent hundreds of thousands of refugees across into Chad. Janjaweed raids crossed both ways. In December 2005, a Chadian rebel group, the Rally for Democracy and Liberty, attacked the Chadian border tow...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/">Chad–Sudan border on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Vallee | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Chad–Sudan border: Geneina and Adré</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. Look at the border settlements. On the Chadian side: Bahaï, Guéréda, Adré, Amdjereme, Borota, Adé, Mongororo, Bourtoutou, Nzili. On the Sudanese side: Karnoi, Tandubayah, Geneina, Misterei, Beida, Habilah, Foro Burunga, Kango Haraza. Geneina, the capital of West Darfur, sits just...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. Look at the border settlements. On the Chadian side: Bahaï, Guéréda, Adré, Amdjereme, Borota, Adé, Mongororo, Bourtoutou, Nzili. On the Sudanese side: Karnoi, Tandubayah, Geneina, Misterei, Beida, Habilah, Foro Burunga, Kango Haraza. Geneina, the capital of West Darfur, sits just...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/">Chad–Sudan border on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Vallee | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Chad–Sudan border: What You See from a Plane</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. A pilot flying from N'Djamena to Khartoum sees a landscape that is easier to read from the air than it is to navigate on the ground. The Sahara slides south into the Sahel, which slides south into grasslands. The straight section of the border - that northern 423 kilometers along...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Vallee, CC BY-SA 4.0. A pilot flying from N'Djamena to Khartoum sees a landscape that is easier to read from the air than it is to navigate on the ground. The Sahara slides south into the Sahel, which slides south into grasslands. The straight section of the border - that northern 423 kilometers along...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/chad-sudan-border/">Chad–Sudan border on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Vallee | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 23 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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