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    <title>Qualla: Bulla Regia</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/bulla-regia</link>
    <description><![CDATA[The Romans of ancient Bulla Regia solved North Africa's brutal heat by building underground, creating subterranean houses with polychrome mosaics so fine they are unsurpassed anywhere on the continent.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:30 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The Romans of ancient Bulla Regia solved North Africa's brutal heat by building underground, creating subterranean houses with polychrome mosaics so fine they are unsurpassed anywhere on the continent.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Bulla Regia</title>
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      <title>Bulla Regia: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Wael Ghabara, CC BY-SA 4.0. Water sprinkled on mosaic floors evaporated in the darkness and cooled the rooms below. Two thousand years ago, the residents of Bulla Regia in northern Tunisia devised what might be the ancient world's most elegant answer to brutal summers: they built their homes underground. Each house had a conventional ground floor open to winter sunlight, but beneath it lay a subterranean level arranged around a two-story atrium, where the heat of the North African sun could not reach. The mosaics they laid in those underground rooms are among the finest ever produced in Roman Africa.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Wael Ghabara, CC BY-SA 4.0. Water sprinkled on mosaic floors evaporated in the darkness and cooled the rooms below. Two thousand years ago, the residents of Bulla Regia in northern Tunisia devised what might be the ancient world's most elegant answer to brutal summers: they built their homes underground. Each house had a conventional ground floor open to winter sunlight, but beneath it lay a subterranean level arranged around a two-story atrium, where the heat of the North African sun could not reach. The mosaics they laid in those underground rooms are among the finest ever produced in Roman Africa.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/">Bulla Regia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Wael Ghabara | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Bulla Regia: Temple of Baal, Capital of Kings</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Gigi sorrentino, CC BY-SA 4.0. The name Bulla Regia means "Royal Bulla" in Latin, referring to its status as a Numidian capital. But the city's roots reach deeper. Its Punic currency renders the name as characters suggesting "House of Baal" or "Temple of Baal," connecting it to the Phoenician trading networks ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Gigi sorrentino, CC BY-SA 4.0. The name Bulla Regia means "Royal Bulla" in Latin, referring to its status as a Numidian capital. But the city's roots reach deeper. Its Punic currency renders the name as characters suggesting "House of Baal" or "Temple of Baal," connecting it to the Phoenician trading networks ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/">Bulla Regia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Gigi sorrentino | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Bulla Regia: Underground Architecture of Survival</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Pradigue, CC BY-SA 3.0. The subterranean houses that make Bulla Regia unique were a Hadrianic-era innovation, dating to the 2nd century AD when Emperor Hadrian elevated the city to colony status. Open-bottomed terracotta bottle-shapes were built into the vaulting to reduce weight. The underground levels...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Pradigue, CC BY-SA 3.0. The subterranean houses that make Bulla Regia unique were a Hadrianic-era innovation, dating to the 2nd century AD when Emperor Hadrian elevated the city to colony status. Open-bottomed terracotta bottle-shapes were built into the vaulting to reduce weight. The underground levels...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/">Bulla Regia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Pradigue | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Bulla Regia: The Slave Collar in Apollo&apos;s Temple</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Pradigue, CC BY-SA 3.0. Not everything preserved at Bulla Regia speaks to beauty. In the courtyard of the Temple of Apollo, archaeologists found the remains of a woman wearing a lead slave collar. The tag instructed anyone who found her to detain her, stating that she had fled from Bulla Regia. It inclu...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Pradigue, CC BY-SA 3.0. Not everything preserved at Bulla Regia speaks to beauty. In the courtyard of the Temple of Apollo, archaeologists found the remains of a woman wearing a lead slave collar. The tag instructed anyone who found her to detain her, stating that she had fled from Bulla Regia. It inclu...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/">Bulla Regia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Pradigue | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Bulla Regia: Buried, Forgotten, Rediscovered</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Pradigue, CC BY-SA 3.0. Under Byzantine rule, Bulla Regia's wealthy families expanded their houses at the expense of public space -- the House of the Fisherman consumed two separate city blocks, turning a thoroughfare into a dead end. Then an earthquake collapsed the ground-level stories into the subter...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Pradigue, CC BY-SA 3.0. Under Byzantine rule, Bulla Regia's wealthy families expanded their houses at the expense of public space -- the House of the Fisherman consumed two separate city blocks, turning a thoroughfare into a dead end. Then an earthquake collapsed the ground-level stories into the subter...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bulla-regia/">Bulla Regia on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Pradigue | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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