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    <title>Qualla: Bilinarra Language</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[The Bilinarra language of the Victoria River District carries a name meaning 'rock' or 'hill' and has survived massacres, cattle station displacement, and colonial erasure — though by 2013, only one person still spoke it as their primary tongue.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The Bilinarra language of the Victoria River District carries a name meaning 'rock' or 'hill' and has survived massacres, cattle station displacement, and colonial erasure — though by 2013, only one person still spoke it as their primary tongue.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Bilinarra Language</title>
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      <title>Bilinarra Language: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[The word 'bili' means rock, or hill. From that root, combined with a suffix whose meaning has been lost, comes Bilinarra — the name of both a people and their language, native to the Victoria River District of Australia's Northern Territory. The language speaks directly of the landscape that shaped it: red sandstone ridges, rocky outcrops rising from flat savanna, the country of the upper Victoria River. By 2013, according to researchers, only one person remained who used Bilinarra as their primary language. The language had not died, exactly, but it had been reduced to a thread.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The word 'bili' means rock, or hill. From that root, combined with a suffix whose meaning has been lost, comes Bilinarra — the name of both a people and their language, native to the Victoria River District of Australia's Northern Territory. The language speaks directly of the landscape that shaped it: red sandstone ridges, rocky outcrops rising from flat savanna, the country of the upper Victoria River. By 2013, according to researchers, only one person remained who used Bilinarra as their primary language. The language had not died, exactly, but it had been reduced to a thread.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/">Bilinarra Language on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Bilinarra Language: A Language and Its Kin</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bilinarra belongs to the Ngumpin language group, a family of related languages spoken across the Victoria River region and into the Kimberley. It is classified as an eastern variety of the Pama-Nyungan Ngumpin languages, placing it within Australia's largest and most widespread l...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bilinarra belongs to the Ngumpin language group, a family of related languages spoken across the Victoria River region and into the Kimberley. It is classified as an eastern variety of the Pama-Nyungan Ngumpin languages, placing it within Australia's largest and most widespread l...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/">Bilinarra Language on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Bilinarra Language: What Was Done to It</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Police constable W. H. Willshire first recorded elements of the Bilinarra language in 1896 — the same era when colonists were establishing the cattle stations that would transform the Victoria River District. Willshire is a contested figure in Australian history, accused of massa...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Police constable W. H. Willshire first recorded elements of the Bilinarra language in 1896 — the same era when colonists were establishing the cattle stations that would transform the Victoria River District. Willshire is a contested figure in Australian history, accused of massa...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/">Bilinarra Language on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Bilinarra Language: How the Language Works</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Bilinarra is a language of suffixes and flexible word order. Like most Australian languages, it does not rely on a fixed subject-verb-object structure; instead, grammatical relationships are encoded through case suffixes attached to nouns. The ergative case marks the subject of a...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Bilinarra is a language of suffixes and flexible word order. Like most Australian languages, it does not rely on a fixed subject-verb-object structure; instead, grammatical relationships are encoded through case suffixes attached to nouns. The ergative case marks the subject of a...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/">Bilinarra Language on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Bilinarra Language: What Persists</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Even as fluent Bilinarra speakers have dwindled, the language has not disappeared entirely from its country. It inflects the variety of Kriol spoken by Bilinarra children, threading its vocabulary and rhythms into a newer tongue. Place names carry it: Nitjpurru, the Bilinarra nam...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Even as fluent Bilinarra speakers have dwindled, the language has not disappeared entirely from its country. It inflects the variety of Kriol spoken by Bilinarra children, threading its vocabulary and rhythms into a newer tongue. Place names carry it: Nitjpurru, the Bilinarra nam...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/bilinarra-language/">Bilinarra Language on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 28 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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