<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<rss version="2.0"
     xmlns:itunes="http://www.itunes.com/dtds/podcast-1.0.dtd"
     xmlns:content="http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/"
     xmlns:podcast="https://podcastindex.org/namespace/1.0"
     xmlns:psc="http://podlove.org/simple-chapters">
  <channel>
    <title>Qualla: Battle of Zama</title>
    <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama</link>
    <description><![CDATA[In 202 BC, on a plain south of modern El Kef, Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal and his 80 war elephants to end the Second Punic War and establish Rome as the dominant power of the ancient Mediterranean.]]></description>
    <language>en-us</language>
    <copyright>© 2026 Bendyline</copyright>
    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:30 GMT</lastBuildDate>
    <itunes:author>Qualla</itunes:author>
    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In 202 BC, on a plain south of modern El Kef, Scipio Africanus defeated Hannibal and his 80 war elephants to end the Second Punic War and establish Rome as the dominant power of the ancient Mediterranean.]]></itunes:summary>
    <itunes:type>serial</itunes:type>
    <itunes:explicit>false</itunes:explicit>
    <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/hero-small.webp"/>
    <itunes:owner>
      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
      <itunes:email>support@bendyline.com</itunes:email>
    </itunes:owner>
    <itunes:category text="Society &amp; Culture">
        <itunes:category text="Places &amp; Travel"/>
    </itunes:category>
    <podcast:locked>yes</podcast:locked>
    <image>
      <url>https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/hero-small.webp</url>
      <title>Qualla: Battle of Zama</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama</link>
    </image>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Zama: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Cornelis Cort / Giulio Romano, CC0. Hannibal had been unbeatable for sixteen years. Since crossing the Alps with his army and elephants in 218 BC, the Carthaginian commander had inflicted catastrophic defeats on Rome at the Trebia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannae -- where at least 67,500 Romans were killed or captured in a single day. But in 202 BC, on a flat plain in what is now Tunisia, a Roman general named Scipio devised a way to neutralize Hannibal's most fearsome weapon, then destroy his army entirely. The Battle of Zama ended not just a war but an era. Carthage would never again challenge Rome.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Cornelis Cort / Giulio Romano, CC0. Hannibal had been unbeatable for sixteen years. Since crossing the Alps with his army and elephants in 218 BC, the Carthaginian commander had inflicted catastrophic defeats on Rome at the Trebia, Lake Trasimene, and Cannae -- where at least 67,500 Romans were killed or captured in a single day. But in 202 BC, on a flat plain in what is now Tunisia, a Roman general named Scipio devised a way to neutralize Hannibal's most fearsome weapon, then destroy his army entirely. The Battle of Zama ended not just a war but an era. Carthage would never again challenge Rome.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/">Battle of Zama on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Cornelis Cort / Giulio Romano | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-intro.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-intro.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-intro-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Zama: The Elephant Problem</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Henri-Paul Motte, Public domain. Hannibal brought 80 war elephants to Zama -- North African forest elephants, now extinct, smaller than their modern African cousins but terrifying nonetheless. The beasts were supposed to shatter the Roman formation before the infantry engaged. Scipio had a plan. When the elephan...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Henri-Paul Motte, Public domain. Hannibal brought 80 war elephants to Zama -- North African forest elephants, now extinct, smaller than their modern African cousins but terrifying nonetheless. The beasts were supposed to shatter the Roman formation before the infantry engaged. Scipio had a plan. When the elephan...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/">Battle of Zama on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Henri-Paul Motte | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-elephant-problem.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-elephant-problem.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-elephant-problem-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Zama: Three Lines Against Three Lines</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit User:MatthiasKabel, Public domain. Both armies deployed their close-order infantry in three lines -- a mirroring that made the ensuing battle extraordinarily intense. The first Carthaginian line, composed of mercenaries and local levies, engaged the Roman hastati and was routed after hard fighting. But the second ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit User:MatthiasKabel, Public domain. Both armies deployed their close-order infantry in three lines -- a mirroring that made the ensuing battle extraordinarily intense. The first Carthaginian line, composed of mercenaries and local levies, engaged the Roman hastati and was routed after hard fighting. But the second ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/">Battle of Zama on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: User:MatthiasKabel | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-three-lines-against-three-lines.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-three-lines-against-three-lines.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-three-lines-against-three-lines-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Zama: The Cavalry Returns</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Jon Roanhaus, CC BY-SA 3.0. The battle's decisive moment came from the wings. The Roman cavalry, strengthened by Masinissa's Numidian horsemen, had routed their Carthaginian counterparts at the battle's opening and pursued them off the field. Now they returned and struck Hannibal's veteran infantry from beh...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Jon Roanhaus, CC BY-SA 3.0. The battle's decisive moment came from the wings. The Roman cavalry, strengthened by Masinissa's Numidian horsemen, had routed their Carthaginian counterparts at the battle's opening and pursued them off the field. Now they returned and struck Hannibal's veteran infantry from beh...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/">Battle of Zama on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Jon Roanhaus | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-cavalry-returns.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-cavalry-returns.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-cavalry-returns-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
    <item>
      <title>Battle of Zama: The World Remade</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Harrias, CC BY 3.0. The peace terms Rome dictated stripped Carthage of its territories outside Africa and reduced even its African holdings. More fundamentally, the settlement made clear that Carthage was now politically subordinate to Rome -- a reversal of the balance of power that had shaped the w...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Harrias, CC BY 3.0. The peace terms Rome dictated stripped Carthage of its territories outside Africa and reduced even its African holdings. More fundamentally, the settlement made clear that Carthage was now politically subordinate to Rome -- a reversal of the balance of power that had shaped the w...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-zama/">Battle of Zama on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Harrias | CC BY 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
      <guid isPermaLink="true">https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-world-remade.mp3</guid>
      <enclosure url="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-world-remade.mp3" type="audio/mpeg" length="100000"/>
      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
      <itunes:episodeType>full</itunes:episodeType>
      <itunes:image href="https://qualla.com/_m/s/n/q/w/battle-of-zama-wp/snqw-battle-of-zama-the-world-remade-cover.jpg"/>
    </item>
  </channel>
</rss>
