Qualla: Battle of the Pinal Mountains https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains en-us © 2026 Bendyline Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:03 GMT Qualla serial false Qualla support@bendyline.com yes https://qualla.com/_m/9/t/c/j/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-wp/hero-small.webp Qualla: Battle of the Pinal Mountains https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains Battle of the Pinal Mountains: Introduction https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains/ Photo credit Az81964444, Public domain. Captain Pablo Romero never received his royal commission. In mid-June 1788, deep in the Pinal Mountains of what would one day become Arizona, Romero led 208 Sonoran troops against Apache warriors defending their homeland. The engagement would be counted as a Spanish victory - six Apache warriors killed, captives taken, two Pima prisoners recovered. But within days of his triumph, as he rode to Arizpe to report his success, Apache fighters caught Romero on the hill of San Borja and exacted their revenge. The King of Spain had already signed the commission granting him 2,400 pesos in salary. The captain left behind a widow, Dona Luisa Bojorquez, and at least two sons.

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]]> Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://qualla.com/_m/9/t/c/j/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-wp/9tcj-battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-intro.mp3 0:06 1 full Battle of the Pinal Mountains: The Sweep Across Apacheria https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains/ Photo credit Az81964444, Public domain. The expedition began on May 31, 1788, as Captain Romero departed with his Sonoran forces on a punitive sweep through Apache territory. For nearly a month, his troops moved through the rugged mountains and desert valleys of Apacheria - the vast homeland of the Apache people that s...

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]]> Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://qualla.com/_m/9/t/c/j/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-wp/9tcj-battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-the-sweep-across-apacheria.mp3 0:06 2 full Battle of the Pinal Mountains: Ambush in the Mountains https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains/ Photo credit Az81964444, Public domain. The campaign's defining moment came in the Pinal Mountains, a rugged range rising from the desert floor in what is now east-central Arizona. Ensign Jose Moraga, leading about ten men from the pack-train escort, decided to scout ahead of the main column. Riding through the mountai...

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]]> Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://qualla.com/_m/9/t/c/j/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-wp/9tcj-battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-ambush-in-the-mountains.mp3 0:06 3 full Battle of the Pinal Mountains: A Captain's Reward https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains/ Photo credit Az81964444, Public domain. After the campaign ended, Romero immediately departed to report his success to the commandant of arms in Arizpe, the colonial capital of Sonora. His report evidently impressed the Spanish authorities. Word traveled across the Atlantic to the court of King Charles III, who granted...

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]]> Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://qualla.com/_m/9/t/c/j/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-wp/9tcj-battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-a-captains-reward.mp3 0:06 4 full Battle of the Pinal Mountains: Forgotten Frontiers https://qualla.com/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains/ Photo credit Az81964444, Public domain. The Battle of the Pinal Mountains was one of countless small engagements in a conflict that would span three centuries. Spanish, Mexican, and eventually American forces all fought the Apache peoples for control of the Southwest. The Apache Wars would not truly end until Geronimo'...

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]]> Wed, 04 Feb 2026 00:00:00 GMT https://qualla.com/_m/9/t/c/j/battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-wp/9tcj-battle-of-the-pinal-mountains-forgotten-frontiers.mp3 0:06 5 full