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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Spartolos</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[An Athenian army marched into Chalcidice in 429 BC certain that hoplite phalanx would settle the matter, and learned, painfully, that javelins thrown from horseback can outrun a shield wall.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[An Athenian army marched into Chalcidice in 429 BC certain that hoplite phalanx would settle the matter, and learned, painfully, that javelins thrown from horseback can outrun a shield wall.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Spartolos</title>
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      <title>Battle of Spartolos: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Light infantry. Cavalry. Men who would not stand still long enough to be killed properly. The Athenian hoplites at Spartolos had been trained for one thing - the close shoving fight of phalanx against phalanx, where heavy shields and bronze greaves and thrusting spears decided who lived. They had won that fight when it came. Then the Chalcidians went away, came back with reinforcements from Olynthus, and refused to fight that way again. Javelins flew. Cavalry circled. The hoplite phalanx, beautiful on a flat plain in the morning, found itself trying to chase shadows through afternoon heat - and one in four of the Athenians on the field that day did not go home.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Light infantry. Cavalry. Men who would not stand still long enough to be killed properly. The Athenian hoplites at Spartolos had been trained for one thing - the close shoving fight of phalanx against phalanx, where heavy shields and bronze greaves and thrusting spears decided who lived. They had won that fight when it came. Then the Chalcidians went away, came back with reinforcements from Olynthus, and refused to fight that way again. Javelins flew. Cavalry circled. The hoplite phalanx, beautiful on a flat plain in the morning, found itself trying to chase shadows through afternoon heat - and one in four of the Athenians on the field that day did not go home.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/">Battle of Spartolos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Spartolos: The Rebellion That Wouldn&apos;t Die</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. The fall of Potidaea in 430/429 BC was supposed to settle Chalcidice. Athens had spent three years and 420 talents a year strangling that city into surrender, and the price had broken Pericles' political standing and helped seed the plague that killed him. But the Chalcidian peni...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. The fall of Potidaea in 430/429 BC was supposed to settle Chalcidice. Athens had spent three years and 420 talents a year strangling that city into surrender, and the price had broken Pericles' political standing and helped seed the plague that killed him. But the Chalcidian peni...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/">Battle of Spartolos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Spartolos: Burning Crops, Bargaining for Peace</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Xenophon's army began the campaign in the standard manner - destroying the wheat and barley in the fields outside the town to starve the population into surrender. While his soldiers worked, his diplomats opened negotiations with pro-Athenian factions inside Spartolos. The talks ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Xenophon's army began the campaign in the standard manner - destroying the wheat and barley in the fields outside the town to starve the population into surrender. While his soldiers worked, his diplomats opened negotiations with pro-Athenian factions inside Spartolos. The talks ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/">Battle of Spartolos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Spartolos: The First Phase</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. When the Chalcidian phalanx clashed with the Athenian, the result was what hoplite warfare was supposed to deliver: a clear, decisive answer in twenty minutes of brutal pushing. The Chalcidian center and right - local hoplites - gave way first. The hired Peloponnesian mercenaries...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. When the Chalcidian phalanx clashed with the Athenian, the result was what hoplite warfare was supposed to deliver: a clear, decisive answer in twenty minutes of brutal pushing. The Chalcidian center and right - local hoplites - gave way first. The hired Peloponnesian mercenaries...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/">Battle of Spartolos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Spartolos: The Second Phase</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. The reinforcements from Olynthus brought what the Chalcidians had been missing - more cavalry and more peltasts. Peltasts were light infantry from Thrace and the surrounding regions, named for the wicker pelta shields they carried. Their weapon was the javelin, and their tactic w...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. The reinforcements from Olynthus brought what the Chalcidians had been missing - more cavalry and more peltasts. Peltasts were light infantry from Thrace and the surrounding regions, named for the wicker pelta shields they carried. Their weapon was the javelin, and their tactic w...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/">Battle of Spartolos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Spartolos: What the Battle Taught</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Spartolos was, by Peloponnesian War standards, a small disaster. Greater catastrophes lay ahead - the Sicilian Expedition, the slaughter at Aegospotami, eventual Athenian surrender in 404 BC. But this fight in Chalcidice taught Athens lessons it kept relearning at higher cost. Li...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk), CC BY-SA 3.0. Spartolos was, by Peloponnesian War standards, a small disaster. Greater catastrophes lay ahead - the Sicilian Expedition, the slaughter at Aegospotami, eventual Athenian surrender in 404 BC. But this fight in Chalcidice taught Athens lessons it kept relearning at higher cost. Li...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-spartolos/">Battle of Spartolos on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Greece_location_map.svg: Lencer / derivative work: Uwe Dedering (talk) | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 24 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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