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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Rio Salado</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[On October 30, 1340, a combined Castilian-Portuguese army of 20,000 defeated the last great Marinid invasion force near Tarifa, ending forever the threat of North African armies crossing into the Iberian Peninsula.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[On October 30, 1340, a combined Castilian-Portuguese army of 20,000 defeated the last great Marinid invasion force near Tarifa, ending forever the threat of North African armies crossing into the Iberian Peninsula.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Rio Salado</title>
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      <title>Battle of Rio Salado: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Ypsilon from Finland, CC0. The officer commanding the light cavalry along the Salado River made a report to Sultan Abu al-Hasan that would prove catastrophic: no Christians had entered Tarifa during the night. Whether the report was an honest mistake or a lie born of fear remains unknown. What is certain is that during the darkness of October 29, 1340, King Alfonso XI of Castile had slipped 1,000 horsemen and 4,000 foot soldiers through the sultan's lines and into the Tarifa garrison. The next morning, when the battle began, those hidden troops would strike the Marinid camp from behind. The Battle of Rio Salado, fought on October 30, 1340, was the last time a North African army invaded the Iberian Peninsula.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Ypsilon from Finland, CC0. The officer commanding the light cavalry along the Salado River made a report to Sultan Abu al-Hasan that would prove catastrophic: no Christians had entered Tarifa during the night. Whether the report was an honest mistake or a lie born of fear remains unknown. What is certain is that during the darkness of October 29, 1340, King Alfonso XI of Castile had slipped 1,000 horsemen and 4,000 foot soldiers through the sultan's lines and into the Tarifa garrison. The next morning, when the battle began, those hidden troops would strike the Marinid camp from behind. The Battle of Rio Salado, fought on October 30, 1340, was the last time a North African army invaded the Iberian Peninsula.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/">Battle of Rio Salado on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Ypsilon from Finland | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Rio Salado: The Last Crossing</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit user:falconaumanni, CC BY-SA 4.0. Sultan Abu al-Hasan Ali of the Marinids had assembled an invasion force that crossed the Strait of Gibraltar in the summer of 1340 -- 60 war galleys, 250 other ships, and an army that some chronicles estimated at 60,000 men. The crossing represented the Marinids' final attempt to...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit user:falconaumanni, CC BY-SA 4.0. Sultan Abu al-Hasan Ali of the Marinids had assembled an invasion force that crossed the Strait of Gibraltar in the summer of 1340 -- 60 war galleys, 250 other ships, and an army that some chronicles estimated at 60,000 men. The crossing represented the Marinids' final attempt to...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/">Battle of Rio Salado on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: user:falconaumanni | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Rio Salado: The Christian Response</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Roque Gameiro, Public domain. Alfonso XI moved fast. He secured Portuguese naval support from his father-in-law, King Afonso IV, whose admiral Manuel Pessanha brought a fleet that was reinforced with fifteen Genoese galleys and twenty-seven ships rapidly completed at Seville. By October, the Christian fleets ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Roque Gameiro, Public domain. Alfonso XI moved fast. He secured Portuguese naval support from his father-in-law, King Afonso IV, whose admiral Manuel Pessanha brought a fleet that was reinforced with fifteen Genoese galleys and twenty-seven ships rapidly completed at Seville. By October, the Christian fleets ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/">Battle of Rio Salado on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Roque Gameiro | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Rio Salado: Three Hours at the River</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit user:falconaumanni, CC BY-SA 4.0. The battle began at nine in the morning. Alfonso's vanguard, led by the Lara brothers, advanced toward the Salado River but met fierce resistance and could not cross. The king committed 1,500 additional knights, and the crossing succeeded. On the left, 3,000 Castilian knights rei...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit user:falconaumanni, CC BY-SA 4.0. The battle began at nine in the morning. Alfonso's vanguard, led by the Lara brothers, advanced toward the Salado River but met fierce resistance and could not cross. The king committed 1,500 additional knights, and the crossing succeeded. On the left, 3,000 Castilian knights rei...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/">Battle of Rio Salado on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: user:falconaumanni | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Rio Salado: An Invasion That Never Came Again</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Nicolas Vollmer, CC BY 2.0. The human cost was terrible. Many of the sultan's household were killed in the rout, including his wife Fatimah, daughter of the Sultan of Tunis, and Aysa, daughter of the nobleman Abu Yahya ibn Yaqub. Other relatives were taken captive. Abu Hasan himself reached Algeciras, cross...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Nicolas Vollmer, CC BY 2.0. The human cost was terrible. Many of the sultan's household were killed in the rout, including his wife Fatimah, daughter of the Sultan of Tunis, and Aysa, daughter of the nobleman Abu Yahya ibn Yaqub. Other relatives were taken captive. Abu Hasan himself reached Algeciras, cross...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-rio-salado/">Battle of Rio Salado on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Nicolas Vollmer | CC BY 2.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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