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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Hafrsfjord</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[The naval battle in Hafrsfjord -- fought sometime between 872 and 900 -- gave Harald Fairhair dominion over Norway's warring petty kingdoms and sent the defeated fleeing to Iceland.]]></description>
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    <lastBuildDate>Mon, 20 Jul 2026 10:21:35 GMT</lastBuildDate>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[The naval battle in Hafrsfjord -- fought sometime between 872 and 900 -- gave Harald Fairhair dominion over Norway's warring petty kingdoms and sent the defeated fleeing to Iceland.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Hafrsfjord</title>
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      <title>Battle of Hafrsfjord: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Hansen 'Ole Peter' Balling, Public domain. Three bronze swords, each ten meters tall, stand driven into the granite shore of Hafrsfjord near Stavanger. The monument Sverd i fjell -- Swords in Rock -- was unveiled in 1983, and its meaning is unambiguous: this is the place where Norway became Norway. Sometime between 872 and 900, the Viking chieftain Harald Fairhair fought a naval battle in this fjord that crushed the last organized opposition to his rule. When the fighting was over, he declared himself the first king of the Norwegians, uniting a patchwork of petty kingdoms under a single crown for the first time.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Hansen 'Ole Peter' Balling, Public domain. Three bronze swords, each ten meters tall, stand driven into the granite shore of Hafrsfjord near Stavanger. The monument Sverd i fjell -- Swords in Rock -- was unveiled in 1983, and its meaning is unambiguous: this is the place where Norway became Norway. Sometime between 872 and 900, the Viking chieftain Harald Fairhair fought a naval battle in this fjord that crushed the last organized opposition to his rule. When the fighting was over, he declared himself the first king of the Norwegians, uniting a patchwork of petty kingdoms under a single crown for the first time.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/">Battle of Hafrsfjord on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Hansen &apos;Ole Peter&apos; Balling | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>1</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Hafrsfjord: A Vow and a War</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. The story, as told by Snorri Sturluson in the Heimskringla more than 300 years after the fact, is that Harald controlled much of southeastern Norway before the battle. His opponents -- primarily chieftains from Rogaland and the Sognefjord area in the southwest -- had refused to s...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. The story, as told by Snorri Sturluson in the Heimskringla more than 300 years after the fact, is that Harald controlled much of southeastern Norway before the battle. His opponents -- primarily chieftains from Rogaland and the Sognefjord area in the southwest -- had refused to s...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/">Battle of Hafrsfjord on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Hafrsfjord: The Date Nobody Knows</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. The exact year of the battle is one of Norwegian history's most debated puzzles. No contemporary chronicle recorded it -- the Christian calendar had not yet been adopted in Scandinavia, and the sagas counted time by winters elapsed since an event. In the 1830s, the historian Rudo...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. The exact year of the battle is one of Norwegian history's most debated puzzles. No contemporary chronicle recorded it -- the Christian calendar had not yet been adopted in Scandinavia, and the sagas counted time by winters elapsed since an event. In the 1830s, the historian Rudo...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/">Battle of Hafrsfjord on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>3</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Hafrsfjord: The Exodus to Iceland</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Harald's victory had consequences beyond the fjord. Many chieftains who refused to submit to his rule chose exile over subjugation. They loaded their families and followers onto ships and sailed west, across the open North Atlantic, to Iceland. This wave of emigration became a fo...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Harald's victory had consequences beyond the fjord. Many chieftains who refused to submit to his rule chose exile over subjugation. They loaded their families and followers onto ships and sailed west, across the open North Atlantic, to Iceland. This wave of emigration became a fo...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/">Battle of Hafrsfjord on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>4</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Hafrsfjord: Monuments in Stone and Steel</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Norway has commemorated the battle twice on a national scale. In 1872, the monument of Haraldshaugen was raised at Haugesund to mark the supposed thousandth anniversary of Norwegian unification. More than a century later, in 1983, the sculptor Fritz Roed created Sverd i fjell at ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia, CC BY-SA 3.0. Norway has commemorated the battle twice on a national scale. In 1872, the monument of Haraldshaugen was raised at Haugesund to mark the supposed thousandth anniversary of Norwegian unification. More than a century later, in 1983, the sculptor Fritz Roed created Sverd i fjell at ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-hafrsfjord/">Battle of Hafrsfjord on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: User Sjoehest on de.wikipedia | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Sat, 14 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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