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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Guayaquil</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A three-day battle in 1860 where Gabriel Garcia Moreno's provisional government finally defeated the general who had sold Ecuador's Amazon to Peru - ending the Terrible Year with an alligator-infested mangrove crossing and a bribed colonel.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A three-day battle in 1860 where Gabriel Garcia Moreno's provisional government finally defeated the general who had sold Ecuador's Amazon to Peru - ending the Terrible Year with an alligator-infested mangrove crossing and a bribed colonel.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Guayaquil</title>
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      <title>Battle of Guayaquil: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. They called him El Traidor - the traitor. In January 1860, General Guillermo Franco had signed a treaty handing Ecuador's disputed Amazonian territories to Peru, and for that, his own countrymen were marching on Guayaquil to tear him down. Ecuador in 1860 was not a country so much as a collection of warlords. The president had resigned the previous May, leaving four self-declared Supreme Chiefs fighting over the pieces while a Peruvian fleet blockaded the Gulf of Guayaquil. What finally ended it was not diplomacy but a three-day battle fought partly through mangrove swamps infested with alligators, where a colonel's betrayal for 3,000 pesos decided the fate of a nation.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. They called him El Traidor - the traitor. In January 1860, General Guillermo Franco had signed a treaty handing Ecuador's disputed Amazonian territories to Peru, and for that, his own countrymen were marching on Guayaquil to tear him down. Ecuador in 1860 was not a country so much as a collection of warlords. The president had resigned the previous May, leaving four self-declared Supreme Chiefs fighting over the pieces while a Peruvian fleet blockaded the Gulf of Guayaquil. What finally ended it was not diplomacy but a three-day battle fought partly through mangrove swamps infested with alligators, where a colonel's betrayal for 3,000 pesos decided the fate of a nation.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/">Battle of Guayaquil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Presidencia de la República del Ecuador | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Guayaquil: The Terrible Year</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. Ecuadorians would remember 1859 as el ano terrible. It began with President Francisco Robles trying to sell Amazon territory Peru claimed, to pay off British creditors - a desperate maneuver that collapsed his government instead. Robles resigned on May 1st, and four men immediate...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. Ecuadorians would remember 1859 as el ano terrible. It began with President Francisco Robles trying to sell Amazon territory Peru claimed, to pay off British creditors - a desperate maneuver that collapsed his government instead. Robles resigned on May 1st, and four men immediate...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/">Battle of Guayaquil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Presidencia de la República del Ecuador | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Guayaquil: Unlikely Allies</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. The treaty accomplished what nothing else had: it united the fragmented country against a common enemy. Garcia Moreno, the pious conservative intellectual, accepted help from General Juan Jose Flores - the fourth president of Ecuador, deposed fifteen years earlier in the Marcist ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. The treaty accomplished what nothing else had: it united the fragmented country against a common enemy. Garcia Moreno, the pious conservative intellectual, accepted help from General Juan Jose Flores - the fourth president of Ecuador, deposed fifteen years earlier in the Marcist ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/">Battle of Guayaquil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Presidencia de la República del Ecuador | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Guayaquil: The Crossing of the Salado</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. Flores drew up the battle plan on September 23rd. A diversionary column under Colonel Jose de Veintemilla would attack from the north against Santa Ana hill. The main force, led by Flores and Garcia Moreno themselves, would cross the Salado estuary to the west and encircle Franco...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. Flores drew up the battle plan on September 23rd. A diversionary column under Colonel Jose de Veintemilla would attack from the north against Santa Ana hill. The main force, led by Flores and Garcia Moreno themselves, would cross the Salado estuary to the west and encircle Franco...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/">Battle of Guayaquil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Presidencia de la República del Ecuador | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Guayaquil: A Traitor&apos;s Exit</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. At dawn on September 24th, Flores' and Garcia Moreno's men closed on Guayaquil from every direction Franco had not expected. The battle collapsed quickly. At what is now the La Victoria park in Guayaquil, Franco's lines broke. His soldiers fled toward the harbor, trying to reach ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. At dawn on September 24th, Flores' and Garcia Moreno's men closed on Guayaquil from every direction Franco had not expected. The battle collapsed quickly. At what is now the La Victoria park in Guayaquil, Franco's lines broke. His soldiers fled toward the harbor, trying to reach ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/">Battle of Guayaquil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Presidencia de la República del Ecuador | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Guayaquil: What the Battle Built</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. The feared Peruvian retaliation never came. Castilla had problems of his own - revolt at home, trouble on the Bolivian border - and the moment passed. The Treaty of Mapasingue was annulled by the Ecuadorian Congress in 1861 and by the Peruvian Congress in 1863, under President Mi...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Presidencia de la República del Ecuador, Public domain. The feared Peruvian retaliation never came. Castilla had problems of his own - revolt at home, trouble on the Bolivian border - and the moment passed. The Treaty of Mapasingue was annulled by the Ecuadorian Congress in 1861 and by the Peruvian Congress in 1863, under President Mi...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-guayaquil/">Battle of Guayaquil on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Presidencia de la República del Ecuador | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 16 Apr 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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