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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Cirta</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[A 203 BC clash between rival Numidian kings outside modern-day Constantine that decided the fate of North Africa and helped end the Second Punic War.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[A 203 BC clash between rival Numidian kings outside modern-day Constantine that decided the fate of North Africa and helped end the Second Punic War.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Cirta</title>
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      <title>Battle of Cirta: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Sébastien Slodtz (French, 1655–1726), Public domain. Syphax's horse was shot out from under him. The king of the Masaesyli Numidians hit the ground, was seized by enemy soldiers, and in that single moment the balance of power in North Africa shifted permanently. The Battle of Cirta in 203 BC was fought in the shadow of the city that would become Constantine, and its consequences rippled outward until they helped bring down Carthage itself. It was not a battle between Rome and Carthage directly. It was a war between Numidian kings, with Roman legionaries tipping the scales.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Sébastien Slodtz (French, 1655–1726), Public domain. Syphax's horse was shot out from under him. The king of the Masaesyli Numidians hit the ground, was seized by enemy soldiers, and in that single moment the balance of power in North Africa shifted permanently. The Battle of Cirta in 203 BC was fought in the shadow of the city that would become Constantine, and its consequences rippled outward until they helped bring down Carthage itself. It was not a battle between Rome and Carthage directly. It was a war between Numidian kings, with Roman legionaries tipping the scales.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/">Battle of Cirta on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Sébastien Slodtz (French, 1655–1726) | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cirta: Two Kings, One Bride</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit José Luiz, Public domain. The rivalry between Syphax and Masinissa was personal before it was political. Syphax ruled the larger Masaesyli kingdom from his capital at Cirta. Masinissa was prince of the Massylii, a neighboring Numidian confederation based around Zama and Thugga. Both had been drawn into th...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit José Luiz, Public domain. The rivalry between Syphax and Masinissa was personal before it was political. Syphax ruled the larger Masaesyli kingdom from his capital at Cirta. Masinissa was prince of the Massylii, a neighboring Numidian confederation based around Zama and Thugga. Both had been drawn into th...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/">Battle of Cirta on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: José Luiz | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cirta: Fire and Rout</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC0. The Roman general Scipio Africanus landed at Cape Farina with an army that modern historians estimate at 25,000 to 30,000 troops. Masinissa joined him. Together, they inflicted two devastating defeats on the combined Carthaginian and Numidian forces: a night attack at the Battle ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC0. The Roman general Scipio Africanus landed at Cape Farina with an army that modern historians estimate at 25,000 to 30,000 troops. Masinissa joined him. Together, they inflicted two devastating defeats on the combined Carthaginian and Numidian forces: a night attack at the Battle ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/">Battle of Cirta on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cirta: Cavalry, Then Infantry</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC0. At Cirta, Syphax had raised a new army and begun training. Masinissa and Laelius decided to attack before those troops could be drilled into effectiveness. The battle opened as a sprawling cavalry engagement, with each side sending detachments to hurl javelins before wheeling awa...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC0. At Cirta, Syphax had raised a new army and begun training. Masinissa and Laelius decided to attack before those troops could be drilled into effectiveness. The battle opened as a sprawling cavalry engagement, with each side sending detachments to hurl javelins before wheeling awa...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/">Battle of Cirta on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cirta: A King in Chains</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit CC0. Masinissa rode for Cirta with the cavalry while Laelius followed with the infantry. When they arrived, Syphax was paraded beneath the city walls in chains. Cirta surrendered without further resistance. Masinissa absorbed Syphax's vast kingdom into his own, becoming the ruler of a...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit CC0. Masinissa rode for Cirta with the cavalry while Laelius followed with the infantry. When they arrived, Syphax was paraded beneath the city walls in chains. Cirta surrendered without further resistance. Masinissa absorbed Syphax's vast kingdom into his own, becoming the ruler of a...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cirta/">Battle of Cirta on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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