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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Cerro Cora</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[On March 1, 1870, the Paraguayan War ended where it had to -- in a trap of rock and forest, where a starving president refused to surrender and a shattered nation lost the last of its soldiers.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[On March 1, 1870, the Paraguayan War ended where it had to -- in a trap of rock and forest, where a starving president refused to surrender and a shattered nation lost the last of its soldiers.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <itunes:name>Qualla</itunes:name>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Cerro Cora</title>
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      <title>Battle of Cerro Cora: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[One head of cattle per day. That was the ration for five hundred people -- soldiers, women, children, the vice president of Paraguay -- camped in a natural amphitheater of rock and forest called Cerro Cora, 454 kilometers northeast of Asuncion. It was February 1870, and the Paraguayan War had been grinding for more than five years. What had once been an army was now a column of the starving, armed mostly with spears and swords, following a president who would not stop fighting a war his country had already lost. Francisco Solano Lopez had led Paraguay against the combined forces of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. By the time he reached Cerro Cora, the country's male population had been reduced by an estimated 60 to 90 percent. What happened next would end the war and begin a century of argument over what it meant.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>One head of cattle per day. That was the ration for five hundred people -- soldiers, women, children, the vice president of Paraguay -- camped in a natural amphitheater of rock and forest called Cerro Cora, 454 kilometers northeast of Asuncion. It was February 1870, and the Paraguayan War had been grinding for more than five years. What had once been an army was now a column of the starving, armed mostly with spears and swords, following a president who would not stop fighting a war his country had already lost. Francisco Solano Lopez had led Paraguay against the combined forces of Brazil, Argentina, and Uruguay. By the time he reached Cerro Cora, the country's male population had been reduced by an estimated 60 to 90 percent. What happened next would end the war and begin a century of argument over what it meant.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/">Battle of Cerro Cora on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cerro Cora: The War That Consumed a Nation</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[The Paraguayan War -- known as the War of the Triple Alliance -- was the deadliest conflict in South American history. It began in November 1864 when Lopez ordered the seizure of a Brazilian steamer and launched invasions of Brazilian and Argentine territory. The Triple Alliance ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The Paraguayan War -- known as the War of the Triple Alliance -- was the deadliest conflict in South American history. It began in November 1864 when Lopez ordered the seizure of a Brazilian steamer and launched invasions of Brazilian and Argentine territory. The Triple Alliance ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/">Battle of Cerro Cora on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cerro Cora: The Amphitheater of Rock</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Cerro Cora was a landscape that promised refuge and delivered a trap. Rocky outcrops and dense forest ringed the camp, bordered on three sides by the Aquidaban River and its tributary. One of Lopez's followers called it a "circus of gigantic rocks." Two roads led in: one from the...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Cerro Cora was a landscape that promised refuge and delivered a trap. Rocky outcrops and dense forest ringed the camp, bordered on three sides by the Aquidaban River and its tributary. One of Lopez's followers called it a "circus of gigantic rocks." Two roads led in: one from the...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/">Battle of Cerro Cora on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cerro Cora: Six Minutes at Dawn</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[On March 1, at six in the morning, Brazilian forces under General Jose Antonio Correia da Camara struck from two directions simultaneously. At the Tacuara stream, Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Antonio Martins attacked from the rear with bayonets, overrunning the position so quickl...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>On March 1, at six in the morning, Brazilian forces under General Jose Antonio Correia da Camara struck from two directions simultaneously. At the Tacuara stream, Lieutenant Colonel Francisco Antonio Martins attacked from the rear with bayonets, overrunning the position so quickl...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/">Battle of Cerro Cora on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cerro Cora: I Die With My Sword</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[Lopez, accompanied by Colonel Silverio Aveiro and a handful of officers, tried to flee on horseback but was cut off by Brazilian cavalry. When called upon to surrender, he refused. A corporal named Jose Francisco Lacerda -- nicknamed Chico Diabo, Devil Frank -- drove a spear into...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Lopez, accompanied by Colonel Silverio Aveiro and a handful of officers, tried to flee on horseback but was cut off by Brazilian cavalry. When called upon to surrender, he refused. A corporal named Jose Francisco Lacerda -- nicknamed Chico Diabo, Devil Frank -- drove a spear into...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/">Battle of Cerro Cora on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Cerro Cora: The Ruins of a Republic</title>
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      <description><![CDATA[With Lopez dead, the war was over -- and so, in many ways, was the country he had led into it. Paraguay lost disputed territories to both Brazil and Argentina. Its population had been decimated in proportions rarely seen outside of plague, and the demographic catastrophe left the...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>With Lopez dead, the war was over -- and so, in many ways, was the country he had led into it. Paraguay lost disputed territories to both Brazil and Argentina. Its population had been decimated in proportions rarely seen outside of plague, and the demographic catastrophe left the...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-cerro-cora/">Battle of Cerro Cora on Qualla</a></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Mon, 09 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:duration>0:06</itunes:duration>
      <itunes:episode>6</itunes:episode>
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