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    <title>Qualla: Battle of Bussaco</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[On a misty September morning in 1810, Wellington's outnumbered Anglo-Portuguese army turned a ten-mile Portuguese ridge into a killing ground that shattered Napoleon's invasion of Portugal.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[On a misty September morning in 1810, Wellington's outnumbered Anglo-Portuguese army turned a ten-mile Portuguese ridge into a killing ground that shattered Napoleon's invasion of Portugal.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Battle of Bussaco</title>
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      <title>Battle of Bussaco: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Tschubby, CC BY-SA 3.0. Wellington hid an entire army on the wrong side of a hill. On 27 September 1810, some 52,000 Anglo-Portuguese troops lay concealed along the reverse slope of the Serra do Bussaco, a ten-mile granite ridge rising 549 meters above the road to Coimbra. No cooking fires gave them away. No glint of bayonets betrayed their positions. Marshal Massena, commanding 65,000 French soldiers tasked by Napoleon with driving the British from Portugal, surveyed the ridge and saw almost nothing. He attacked anyway.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Tschubby, CC BY-SA 3.0. Wellington hid an entire army on the wrong side of a hill. On 27 September 1810, some 52,000 Anglo-Portuguese troops lay concealed along the reverse slope of the Serra do Bussaco, a ten-mile granite ridge rising 549 meters above the road to Coimbra. No cooking fires gave them away. No glint of bayonets betrayed their positions. Marshal Massena, commanding 65,000 French soldiers tasked by Napoleon with driving the British from Portugal, surveyed the ridge and saw almost nothing. He attacked anyway.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/">Battle of Bussaco on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Tschubby | CC BY-SA 3.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Bussaco: The Ridge That Swallowed Armies</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Alta Falisa, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Serra do Bussaco was Wellington's chosen ground, and he prepared it with a craftsman's care. Engineers from the Royal Corps cut a hidden road along the reverse slope, allowing rapid redeployment that the French could neither see nor anticipate. Six British infantry divisions ...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Alta Falisa, CC BY-SA 4.0. The Serra do Bussaco was Wellington's chosen ground, and he prepared it with a craftsman's care. Engineers from the Royal Corps cut a hidden road along the reverse slope, allowing rapid redeployment that the French could neither see nor anticipate. Six British infantry divisions ...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/">Battle of Bussaco on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Alta Falisa | CC BY-SA 4.0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>2</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Battle of Bussaco: Through the Morning Mist</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Manuel F. V. G. Mourão, Public domain. Reynier's corps struck first, columns of infantry climbing the steep slope in early morning fog. Heudelet's leading brigade advanced one company wide and eight battalions deep, a formation designed for momentum on flat ground that became a deathtrap on a mountainside. When the le...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Manuel F. V. G. Mourão, Public domain. Reynier's corps struck first, columns of infantry climbing the steep slope in early morning fog. Heudelet's leading brigade advanced one company wide and eight battalions deep, a formation designed for momentum on flat ground that became a deathtrap on a mountainside. When the le...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/">Battle of Bussaco on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Manuel F. V. G. Mourão | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Bussaco: A Convent Becomes a Battlefield</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Thomas S. St. Clair, Public domain. Marshal Ney, hearing gunfire and assuming Reynier was succeeding, launched his own attack up the spur toward the Convent of Bussaco. What followed was one of the Peninsular War's most devastating ambushes. Near the crest, 1,800 soldiers of the 43rd and 52nd Light Infantry lay fla...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Thomas S. St. Clair, Public domain. Marshal Ney, hearing gunfire and assuming Reynier was succeeding, launched his own attack up the spur toward the Convent of Bussaco. What followed was one of the Peninsular War's most devastating ambushes. Near the crest, 1,800 soldiers of the 43rd and 52nd Light Infantry lay fla...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/">Battle of Bussaco on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Thomas S. St. Clair | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Battle of Bussaco: Victory Without an Ending</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit Roque Gameiro, Public domain. Bussaco was a triumph, but Wellington knew it was not a conclusion. Massena, chastened but resourceful, sent cavalry patrols around both ends of the ridge and found a route that outflanked the position to the north. On the night of 28 September, the French slipped away toward the...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit Roque Gameiro, Public domain. Bussaco was a triumph, but Wellington knew it was not a conclusion. Massena, chastened but resourceful, sent cavalry patrols around both ends of the ridge and found a route that outflanked the position to the north. On the night of 28 September, the French slipped away toward the...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/battle-of-bussaco/">Battle of Bussaco on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: Roque Gameiro | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Fri, 13 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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