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    <title>Qualla: Annexation of Tibet by China</title>
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    <description><![CDATA[In October 1950, the People's Liberation Army crossed into eastern Tibet; within months, a document signed under duress ended centuries of de facto Tibetan self-rule and set in motion one of the 20th century's most enduring political disputes.]]></description>
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    <itunes:summary><![CDATA[In October 1950, the People's Liberation Army crossed into eastern Tibet; within months, a document signed under duress ended centuries of de facto Tibetan self-rule and set in motion one of the 20th century's most enduring political disputes.]]></itunes:summary>
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      <title>Qualla: Annexation of Tibet by China</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china</link>
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      <title>Annexation of Tibet by China: Introduction</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit René Heise, CC0. The Tibetan government consulted oracles before deciding what to do. In late 1950, as Chinese troops advanced from five directions into eastern Tibet, officials in Lhasa performed a divination before the Six-Armed Mahakala deities. The answer was unambiguous: the three conditions China had proposed could not be accepted, because Tibet would fall under foreign domination. The divination proved correct. What followed -- a military operation, a coerced agreement, an uprising, and an exile that continues today -- transformed Tibet from an isolated theocratic state into one of the most contested territories on Earth.]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit René Heise, CC0. The Tibetan government consulted oracles before deciding what to do. In late 1950, as Chinese troops advanced from five directions into eastern Tibet, officials in Lhasa performed a divination before the Six-Armed Mahakala deities. The answer was unambiguous: the three conditions China had proposed could not be accepted, because Tibet would fall under foreign domination. The divination proved correct. What followed -- a military operation, a coerced agreement, an uprising, and an exile that continues today -- transformed Tibet from an isolated theocratic state into one of the most contested territories on Earth.</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/">Annexation of Tibet by China on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: René Heise | CC0</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Annexation of Tibet by China: The Fall of Chamdo</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. On October 6 or 7, 1950, the People's Liberation Army crossed the Jinsha River into eastern Tibet. The operation's goal was not a full-scale invasion but something more precise: capture the Tibetan army at the border town of Chamdo, demoralize the government in Lhasa, and force T...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. On October 6 or 7, 1950, the People's Liberation Army crossed the Jinsha River into eastern Tibet. The operation's goal was not a full-scale invasion but something more precise: capture the Tibetan army at the border town of Chamdo, demoralize the government in Lhasa, and force T...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/">Annexation of Tibet by China on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 《人民画报》 | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Annexation of Tibet by China: A Document Already Written</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. Tibetan negotiators arrived in Beijing to find that the agreement was already finished. The document, commonly known as the Seventeen Point Agreement, was not a negotiation but a presentation. China would allow Tibet to reform at its own pace, maintain internal self-governance, a...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. Tibetan negotiators arrived in Beijing to find that the agreement was already finished. The document, commonly known as the Seventeen Point Agreement, was not a negotiation but a presentation. China would allow Tibet to reform at its own pace, maintain internal self-governance, a...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/">Annexation of Tibet by China on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 《人民画报》 | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Annexation of Tibet by China: An Uneasy Coexistence</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. For several years, the Tibetan government continued to function in areas it had ruled before the hostilities, maintaining its traditional social structure. The region around Chamdo, however, was placed under a separate PLA-controlled committee, outside Lhasa's authority. The Dala...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. For several years, the Tibetan government continued to function in areas it had ruled before the hostilities, maintaining its traditional social structure. The region around Chamdo, however, was placed under a separate PLA-controlled committee, outside Lhasa's authority. The Dala...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/">Annexation of Tibet by China on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 《人民画报》 | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <title>Annexation of Tibet by China: The Uprising and the Exile</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. In 1956, Tibetan militias in the ethnically Tibetan region of eastern Kham, just outside the formal Tibet Autonomous Region, began fighting against PRC-imposed land reforms. The various militia groups united to form the Chushi Gangdruk Volunteer Force. When the fighting spread to...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. In 1956, Tibetan militias in the ethnically Tibetan region of eastern Kham, just outside the formal Tibet Autonomous Region, began fighting against PRC-imposed land reforms. The various militia groups united to form the Chushi Gangdruk Volunteer Force. When the fighting spread to...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/">Annexation of Tibet by China on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 《人民画报》 | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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      <itunes:episode>5</itunes:episode>
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      <title>Annexation of Tibet by China: Two Histories, One Place</title>
      <link>https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/</link>
      <description><![CDATA[Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. The annexation of Tibet is one of those events that exists in two irreconcilable versions. China's official narrative frames it as a peaceful liberation -- the reunification of a territory that had always been part of China, freeing a population from feudal theocratic rule. The T...]]></description>
      <content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Photo credit 《人民画报》, Public domain. The annexation of Tibet is one of those events that exists in two irreconcilable versions. China's official narrative frames it as a peaceful liberation -- the reunification of a territory that had always been part of China, freeing a population from feudal theocratic rule. The T...</p>
<p><strong>Read more:</strong> <a href="https://qualla.com/annexation-of-tibet-by-china/">Annexation of Tibet by China on Qualla</a></p><p><em>Image: 《人民画报》 | Public domain</em></p>]]></content:encoded>
      <pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 00:00:00 GMT</pubDate>
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